Measurement of respiratory patterns in rodents using whole-body plethysmography and a pneumotachograph

Coggins, Christopher R. E.; Duchosal, F; Musy, C.; Ventrone, R.

doi:10.1258/002367781780959125

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As the seVerity of alveolitis increased with the duration of the immunosuppression, the protocol of curative treatment of rats of subgroup 8b Was modified. Pentamidine was introduced with a higher dose after 5 instead of 6 weeks of corticosteroid treatment. At a dose of 14.6 mg/kg, given three times weekly, the efficacy was excellent in 70% of the rats and the remaining rats were poorly infected without histologic features of P. carinii pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rat was introduced into a plethysmograph (Battelle Centre for Toxicology and Biosciences, Geneva, Switzerland), and its emerged head was connected to the Bird nebulizer. The ventilation was measured during the aerosol delivery by the method of Coggins et al (6). The amount of pentamidine aerosolized was determined by weighing the reservoir of the nebulizer before and after delivery.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pentamidine aerosol in prophylaxis and treatment of murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Girard

Brun-Pascaud

Farinotti

et al. 1987

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The efficacy and tolerance of pentamidine aerosol were evaluated in the prophylaxis and therapy of murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. P. carinui pneumonia was induced in rats by corticosteroid immunosuppression. Pentamidine was administered three times weekly via a Bird micronebulizer. The actual amount of pentamidine inhaled was estimated by monitoring the ventilation of the rats during the aerosol administration. Pentamidine levels in blood, lung, liver and kidney samples were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography after completion of the treatment. Efficacy was evaluated by examination of lung imprints. In the prophylactic treatment, 4.8-and 8.6-mg/kg doses of aerosolized pentamidine administered three times weekly for 7 weeks were effective in preventing P. carinui pneumonia in 80 and 100% of the rats, respectively. In the therapeutic studies, a 14.6-mg/kg dose of aerosolized pentamidine administered three times weekly for 3 weeks was effective both in curing the pneumonia and in clearing P. carinii cysts in 70% of the rats. In the remaining animals, although the pneumonia was cured, the cysts persisted. A dose-dependent effect of the drug was demonstrated in both prophylactic and therapeutic treatments. High lung/kidney and lung/liver ratios of pentamidine levels were demonstrated and were associated with good clinical, biological, and histologic tolerance.More than 10,000 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia have been reported in the United States to the Centers for Disease Control since the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic (5). P. carinii infection is confined to the lungs. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and pentamidine are the two drugs which are routinely used in treating human P. carinii pneumonia. However, the parenteral administration of pentamidine is hampered by frequent local intolerance and major systemic side effects due to its high level of extrapulmonary deposition. TMP-SMZ side effects are also frequent, especially in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Since preliminary data on aerosolized pentamidine pharmacokinetics were available (E. M. Bernard, H. P. Donelly, H. P. Koo, and D. Amstrong, Program Abstr. 25th Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., abstr. no. 552, 1985), we tested the feasibility, tolerance, and efficacy of pentamidine aerosol in the prophylaxis and therapeutic treatment of murine P. carinii pneumonia.MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal model of P. carinii pneumonia. Male SpragueDawley rats (Charles River Breeding Laboratories, St. Aubin, France), weighing 200 to 250 g, were housed in groups of five in conventional cages with standard rat chow (no. A03; Usine Alimentation Rationelle, Villemoisson, France) and water ad libitum. Rats were weighed weekly.Rats were immunosuppressed by subcutaneous injections of 25 mg of cortisone acetate (Hydrocortisone; HoechstRoussel, Paris, France) twice weekly, until death or sacrifice. Doxycycline (Vibramycine; Pfizer Inc., Paris, France) was subcutaneously injected at a dose ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pentamidine aerosol in prophylaxis and treatment of murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Girard

Brun-Pascaud

Farinotti

et al. 1987

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Minute ventilation was assessed by head-out plethysmography with a pneumotachograph (Coggins et al, 1981;686 R. LEMUS ET AL. Vanscheeuwijck et al, 2002).…”

Section: Markers Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Comparisons of Cigarettes Containing Different Amounts of Vanillin

Lemus

Carmines

Miert³

et al. 2007

Inhalation Toxicology

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Vanillin is a flavoring agent used in cigarettes. Previous toxicological examinations of the effects on the addition of vanillin to tobacco used mixtures with several other flavoring agents. In the present work, toxicological comparisons were made of experimental cigarettes containing no added vanillin against otherwise similar cigarettes with three different amounts of vanillin added to the tobacco. The main toxicological comparison was a subchronic inhalation study with mainstream smoke in Sprague-Dawley rats (exposures of 150 mg/m3 of total particulate matter, 6 h exposure per day, for 90 consecutive days). Vanillin concentrations in the tobacco of the 4 cigarette types at the end of the study were 0, 67, 1233, and 3109 ppm. Additional studies with mainstream smoke were Salmonella mutagenicity (5 bacterial strains, both with and without metabolic activation, particulate phase only), cytotoxicity of both particulate and gas/vapor phases (using the neutral red uptake assay), and analytical chemistry (49 analytes, including 5 metals). Similar responses were seen across the four cigarette types, and the responses were similar to those previously described in the scientific literature. At the same smoke concentration, the inhalation exposures produced effectively the same responses, in each of the four groups. Most of the changes produced in the 90 days of exposure were resolved in a 42-day postinhalation period. The addition of vanillin to tobacco at inclusion rates up to 3109 ppm did not influence a broad range of toxicological endpoints.

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“…Tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate (RR), and minute volume (MV), derived from flow signals from spontaneously breathing animals, were measured in 4 rats/sex/group during wk 2, 8, and 13 using whole-body phethysmography (Coggins et al, 1981). Each animal was monitored once during a single exposure period.…”

Section: Respiratory Function Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Flavoring and Casing Ingredients on the Toxicity of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke in Rats

Renne

Yoshimura

Yoshino

et al. 2006

Inhalation Toxicology

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A series of in vitro and in vivo studies evaluated the potential effects of tobacco flavoring and casing ingredients. Study 1 utilized as a reference control cigarette a typical commercial tobacco blend without flavoring ingredients, and a test cigarette containing a mixture of 165 low-use flavoring ingredients. Study 2 utilized the same reference control cigarette as used in study 1 and a test cigarette containing eight high-use ingredients. The in vitro Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay did not show any increase in mutagenicity of smoke condensate from test cigarettes designed for studies 1 and 2 as compared to the reference. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by nose-only inhalation for 1 h/day, 5 days/wk for 13 wk to smoke from the test or reference cigarettes already described, or to air only, and necropsied after 13 wk of exposure or following 13 wk of recovery from smoke exposure. Exposure to smoke from reference or test cigarettes in both studies induced increases in blood carboxyhemoglobin ((COHb)) and plasma nicotine, decreases in minute volume, differences in body or organ weights compared to air controls, and a concentration-related hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, and inflammation in the respiratory tract. All these effects were greatly decreased or absent following the recovery period. Comparison of rats exposed to similar concentrations of test and reference cigarette smoke indicated no difference at any concentration. In summary, the results did not indicate any consistent differences in toxicologic effects between smoke from cigarettes containing the flavoring or casing ingredients and reference cigarettes.

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Measurement of respiratory patterns in rodents using whole-body plethysmography and a pneumotachograph

Abstract: Up to 8 variables in the respiratory patterns of rats and hamsters can be measured simultaneously. The technique uses modified restraint tubes and an animal pneumotachograph.

Cited by 52 publications

References 2 publications

Pentamidine aerosol in prophylaxis and treatment of murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Pentamidine aerosol in prophylaxis and treatment of murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Toxicological Comparisons of Cigarettes Containing Different Amounts of Vanillin

Effects of Flavoring and Casing Ingredients on the Toxicity of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke in Rats

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