Measurement of real-time PM2.5 mass, sulfate, and carbonaceous aerosols at the multiple monitoring sites

Jeong, Cheol–Heon; Lee, Doh-Won; Kim, Eugene; Hopke, Philip K.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.12.046

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The frequency distribution of PM 2.5 mass concentration in this study is shown in Figure 2 and is similar to that in 2000 [ Balasubramanian et al , 2003]. Higher PM 2.5 on hazy days was also observed in other comparative studies [ Chen et al , 2003; Jeong et al , 2004], suggesting that hazy days are associated with increased loading of atmospheric particulates. This is because the increased concentration of atmospheric particles between the observer and the object can absorb or scatter light from the sun.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

A study of the physical, chemical, and optical properties of ambient aerosol particles in Southeast Asia during hazy and nonhazy days

2006

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[1] Many Southeast Asian countries have been constantly plagued by recurring smoke haze episodes as a result of traditional slash-and-burn practices in agricultural areas to clear crop lands or uncontrolled forest fires. However, our current knowledge on the physiochemical and optical properties of ambient aerosols associated with regional haze phenomenon is still fairly limited. Therefore a comprehensive field study was carried out in Singapore from March 2001 to March 2002 under varying weather conditions to gain a better understanding of the characteristics. The physical (size distribution of mass and number concentrations), chemical (mass concentrations of chemical components: 14 ions, 24 metals, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC)), and optical (light absorption (b ap ) and scattering (b sp ) by particles) characteristics of ambient aerosol particles were investigated. The results are reported separately for clear and hazy days by categorizing the days as clear or hazy on the basis of visibility data. It was observed that the average concentrations of PM 2.5 and most chemical components increased approximately by a factor of 2 on hazy days. Backward air trajectories together with the hot spot distributions in the region indicated that the degradation in Singapore's air quality on hazy days was attributable to large-scale forest fires in Sumatra. This visibility degradation was quantitatively measured on the basis of the light absorption and scattering by particles. As expected, scattering rather than absorption controlled atmospheric visibility, and PM 2.5 particles present on hazy days were more efficient at scattering light than those found on clear days.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

A study of the physical, chemical, and optical properties of ambient aerosol particles in Southeast Asia during hazy and nonhazy days

2006

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“…The SPA method differs from a prototype SPA used in previous studies 9–10,13 : The primary difference between the two methods was the converter oven temperature and configuration. In the prototype, the converter oven, with a stainless steel coil, was set at 800–900 °C, with the first 10 min of every hour used for zero mode (SO 2 background).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hourly Measurements of Fine Particulate Sulfate and Carbon Aerosols at the Harvard–U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Supersite in Boston

Kang¹,

Koutrakis²,

Suh³

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Hourly concentrations of ambient fine particle sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols (elemental carbon [EC], organic carbon [OC], and black carbon [BC]) were measured at the Harvard–U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Supersite in Boston, MA, between January 2007 and October 2008. These hourly concentrations were compared with those made using integrated filter-based measurements over 6-day or 24-hr periods. For sulfate, the two measurement methods showed good agreement. Semicontinuous measurements of EC and OC also agreed (but not as well as for sulfate) with those obtained using 24-hr integrated filter-based and optical BC reference methods. During the study period, 24-hr PM2.5 (particulate matter [PM] ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 37.6 μg/m3, with an average of 9.3 μg/m3. Sulfate as the equivalent of ammonium sulfate accounted for 39.1% of the PM2.5 mass, whereas EC and OC accounted for 4.2 and 35.2%, respectively. Hourly sulfate concentrations showed no distinct diurnal pattern, whereas hourly EC and BC concentrations peaked during the morning rush hour between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. OC concentrations also exhibited nonpronounced, small peaks during the day, most likely related to traffic, secondary organic aerosol, and local sources, respectively.

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“…The impact of the fires was observed at ground level at several mid-Atlantic sites, as well as the entire northeastern United States for several days in early July. 162 In Philadelphia, increases in ground-level concentrations of sulfate, 227 OC and EC, 145 and PM 2.5 mass, as well as O 3 and scattering coefficients by LIDAR (light detection and radar) 228 were observed because of the fires. Increases also were observed for PM 2.5 mass, OC, EC, and LIDAR aerosol backscatter in Baltimore, 191,229 whereas increases in OC and sulfate in Pittsburgh, 182,193 and mass, OC, and sulfate in NYC 41,188 were noted as a result of the Quebec fires.…”

Section: Local and Regional Pmmentioning

confidence: 97%

Key Scientific Findings and Policy- and Health-Relevant Insights from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies: An Integration and Synthesis of Results

Solomon

Hopke

Froines

et al. 2008

JAWMA

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In 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated a major air quality program known as the Particulate Matter (PM) Supersites Program. The Supersites Program was a multiyear, $27 million air quality monitoring program consisting of eight regional air quality projects located throughout the United States, each with differing atmospheric pollution conditions resulting from variations in source emissions and meteorology. The overall goal of the program was to elucidate source-receptor relationships and atmospheric processes leading to PM accumulation on urban and regional scales; thus providing the scientific underpinning for modeling and data analysis efforts to support State Implementation Plans and more effective risk management approaches for PM. The program had three main objectives: (1) conduct methods development and evaluation, (2) characterize ambient PM, and (3) support health effects and exposure research. This paper provides a synthesis of key scientific findings from the Supersites Program and related studies. EPA developed 16 science/policy-relevant questions in conjunction with state and other federal agencies, Regional Planning Organizations, and the private sector. These questions were addressed to the extent possible, even given the vast amount of new information available from the Supersites Program, in a series of papers published as a special issue of the Journal of Air & Waste Management Association (February 2008).This synthesis also includes discussions of: (1) initial Supersites Program support for air quality management efforts in specific locations throughout the United States;(2) selected policy-relevant insights, based on atmospheric sciences findings, useful to air quality managers and decision makers planning emissions management strategies to address current and future PM National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and network planning and implementation; (3) selected health-relevant insights interpreted from atmospheric sciences findings in light of future directions for health and exposure scientists planning studies of the effects of PM on human health; and (4) selected knowledge gaps to guide future research. Finally, given the scope and depth of research and findings from the Supersites Program, this paper provides a reference source so readers can glean a general understanding of the overall research conducted and its policy-relevant insights. Supporting details for the results presented are available through the cited references. An annotated table of contents allows readers to easily find specific subject matter within the text. IMPLICATIONSOver 400 peer-reviewed journal articles and likely more than 1000 presentations resulted from the research conducted through EPA's PM Supersites Program. From the start, the program was developed with a policy focusproviding new information on the accumulation and sources of PM in air on urban and regional scales that might allow for the development of more effective approaches to reducing ambient concentrations of PM to...

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Measurement of real-time PM2.5 mass, sulfate, and carbonaceous aerosols at the multiple monitoring sites

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

A study of the physical, chemical, and optical properties of ambient aerosol particles in Southeast Asia during hazy and nonhazy days

A study of the physical, chemical, and optical properties of ambient aerosol particles in Southeast Asia during hazy and nonhazy days

Hourly Measurements of Fine Particulate Sulfate and Carbon Aerosols at the Harvard–U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Supersite in Boston

Key Scientific Findings and Policy- and Health-Relevant Insights from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies: An Integration and Synthesis of Results

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