Measurement of Potato Volume With Laser Triangulation and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction

Abstract

Potato grading is related to weight. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction can provide highly accurate volume measurements of potatoes, which can help farmers to analyze their phenotypic characteristics and grade them. Considering their low cost and the required accuracy, a monocular camera and line laser were used to build a potato phenotype determination scanning device. The system obtains coordinates along the surface of a potato, collects laser light reflected from the surface in real time, and completes the coordinate calculation of the original points using the triangulation method. However, the original point clouds lose large areas of point clouds at the top and bottom of the potato. Point cloud repair is carried out by interpolation of points. In addition, the surface point cloud is smoothed. Finally, the generated point cloud is used for 3D reconstruction and volume calculation. In a volume error analysis test, potatoes are divided into calibration and verification groups. First, linear regression is used to relate the real and measured potato volume, and then the density of the potato is calculated. The volume and mass of potatoes in the verification group are measured by the device, and the standard volume and mass are measured manually. The results show that the average relative error in measured volume is −0.08%, and the average relative error in estimated mass is 0.48%. These results indicate that the combination of a line laser and a single camera provides accurate measurements of potato volume that can be used for yield estimation and potato grading.

Study on the mechanism of local compression bruising in kiwifruit based on FEM

“…In order to verify the consistency of bruise estimation formula and actual bruise condition of fruits, the actual bruise volume of Actinidia kiwifruit was calculated by the corresponding cross‐section area calculation layer by layer after digging out the bruised parts with the slices of bruised fruits, and then compared with the calculated bruise volume (Cai et al, 2020) to evaluate the accuracy of the formula. Calculation method of peripheral section area and bruised section area after excavation is shown in Figure 4.…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to use experimental methods in contrast to simulation methods to carry bruise data measured after compressive experiments into improved injury models for calculation (Gaspar et al, 2019). At present, some studies have been carried out to investigate the bruise of fruits after being loaded, such as apples (Hu, 2017; Opara & Fadiji, 2018), peaches (Ahmadi et al, 2010; Kabas & Vladut, 2015), potatoes (Cai et al, 2020), pears (Kabas, 2010; Lee et al, 2014), tomatoes (Li et al, 2012; Li et al, 2013), kiwifruit (Du et al, 2019; Gao et al, 2021) and blueberries. However, different fruits have different physical properties, chemical properties, and microstructure.…”

Accurate Volume Calculation Driven by Delaunay Triangulation for Coal Measurement

“…e volume summation of the triangular pyramids is the volume of the irregular body. Cai et al [40] measure the potato volume using laser triangulation in cylindrical coordinates.…”

Geometric Modeling of Rosa roxburghii Fruit Based on Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Reconstruction

“…e schematic diagram of calculating the peripheral sectional area, the length in the x-axis direction, and the length in the y-axis direction is shown in Figure 10. e sectional area A j was integrated as follows [46]: , (11) where Δθ i is the stepping angle, r j i is the radius of the stepping angle, and n is the number of stepping angles.…”