Measurement of Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity using serological cohort data from Indonesian schoolchildren

Bretscher, Michael T.; Supargiyono, Supargiyono; Wijayanti, Mahardika Agus; Nugraheni, Dian; Widyastuti, Anis N; Lobo, Neil F.; Hawley, William A.; Cook, Jackie; Drakeley, Chris

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-21

Cited by 37 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The P. falciparum antigens MSP-1 and AMA-1 have been used extensively in malaria serological studies, 11,[17][18][19][20] and are both thought to induce IgG antibody responses which would be present for long periods of time following infection. 10,21 For this cohort of Malian children, we found the MFI-bg signal intensities for each of these antigens to be highly skewed, with the distinct possibility of having a high titer for one of these antigens and not for the other (Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Immunoglobulin G Responses to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Malian School Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay

Rogier¹,

Moss²,

Chard³

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Malaria serology through assaying for IgG against Plasmodium spp. antigens provides evidence into the infection history for an individual. The multiplex bead assay (MBA) allows for detection of IgG against multiple Plasmodium spp., and can be especially useful in many regions where Plasmodium falciparum is of primary clinical focus, but other species are co-endemic. Dried blood spots were collected from 805 Malian children attending 42 elementary schools in the regions of Mopti, Sikasso, Koulikoro, and Bamako capital district, and IgG assayed by MBA. As southern Mali is known to be holoendemic for P. falciparum, merozoite surface protein 1 19-kDa subunit (MSP-1 42 ) and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) antigens were included for serology against this parasite. Responses to these antigens both provided high estimates for lifetime exposure, with 730 (90%) children with IgG antibodies for MSP-1 42 , 737 (91%) for AMA-1, and 773 (96%) positive for either or both. Also included was the antigen Plasmodium vivax MSP-1 19 , against which 140 (17.4%) children were found to have antibodies. Increases in antibody titers with older age were clearly seen with the P. falciparum antigens, but not with the P. vivax antigen, likely indicating more of a sporadic, rather than sustained transmission for this species. The MBA provides effective opportunities to evaluate malaria transmission through serological analysis for multiple Plasmodium species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Immunoglobulin G Responses to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Malian School Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay

Rogier¹,

Moss²,

Chard³

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Antibodies can be measured by simple ELISAs and obtained from dried blood spots, which are easy to collect, transport, and store (39)(40)(41). Serologic responses to Pf antigens have been explored as potential epidemiological tools (42)(43)(44)(45), and estimated rates of seroconversion to well-characterized Pf antigens accurately reflect stable rates of exposure in a community, whereas distinct changes in these rates are obtained from successful interventions (22,39,41,(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53). However, current serologic assays are not designed to detect short-term or gradual changes in Pf exposure or measure exposure to infection at an individual level.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel serologic biomarkers provide accurate estimates of recent Plasmodium falciparum exposure for individuals and communities

Helb

Tetteh

Felgner

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

190

262

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Tools to reliably measure Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) exposure in individuals and communities are needed to guide and evaluate malaria control interventions. Serologic assays can potentially produce precise exposure estimates at low cost; however, current approaches based on responses to a few characterized antigens are not designed to estimate exposure in individuals. Pf-specific antibody responses differ by antigen, suggesting that selection of antigens with defined kinetic profiles will improve estimates of Pf exposure. To identify novel serologic biomarkers of malaria exposure, we evaluated responses to 856 Pf antigens by protein microarray in 186 Ugandan children, for whom detailed Pf exposure data were available. Using data-adaptive statistical methods, we identified combinations of antibody responses that maximized information on an individual's recent exposure. Responses to three novel Pf antigens accurately classified whether an individual had been infected within the last 30, 90, or 365 d (cross-validated area under the curve = 0.86-0.93), whereas responses to six antigens accurately estimated an individual's malaria incidence in the prior year. Crossvalidated incidence predictions for individuals in different communities provided accurate stratification of exposure between populations and suggest that precise estimates of community exposure can be obtained from sampling a small subset of that community. In addition, serologic incidence predictions from cross-sectional samples characterized heterogeneity within a community similarly to 1 y of continuous passive surveillance. Development of simple ELISAbased assays derived from the successful selection strategy outlined here offers the potential to generate rich epidemiologic surveillance data that will be widely accessible to malaria control programs.any countries have extensive programs to reduce the burden of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), the parasite responsible for most malaria morbidity and mortality (1). Effectively using limited resources for malaria control or elimination and evaluating interventions require accurate measurements of the risk of being infected with Pf (2-15). To reflect the rate at which individuals are infected with Pf in a useful way, metrics used to estimate exposure in a community need to account for dynamic changes over space and time, especially in response to control interventions (16)(17)(18).A variety of metrics can be used to estimate Pf exposure, but tools that are more precise and low cost are needed for population surveillance. Existing metrics have varying intrinsic levels of precision and accuracy and are subject to a variety of extrinsic factors, such as cost, time, and availability of trained personnel (19). For example, entomological measurements provide information on mosquito to human transmission for a community but are expensive, require specially trained staff, and lack standardized procedures, all of which reduce precision and/or make interpretation difficult (19)(20)(21)(22). Parasite prevalence can be meas...

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“…The advent of highly sensitive molecular methods that detect parasite DNA or RNA such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 12 and quantitative nucleic acid sequence based amplification (QT-NASBA) has highlighted that many infected individuals have parasite densities that are too low to be detected either by microscopy or RDTs 13,14 . However, even these methods do not detect all the infections that are present in infected human hosts 12,15 and they are currently not available as routine field diagnostic tests because they require high-level laboratory facilities for nucleic acid extraction, amplification and detection that are unavailable in many resource-poor endemic settings. Even the most operationally attractive molecular diagnostic available -loop-mediated isothermal amplification For each value of the x-axis we calculate the proportion of each density distribution (from a) that would be detected.…”

Section: S95mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of next-generation rapid diagnostic tests on Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination strategies

Slater

Ross

Ouédraogo

et al. 2015

Nature

128

143

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P lasmodium falciparum malaria was responsible for an estimated 584,000 (range 367,000-755,000) deaths in 2013, most of which occurred in young children in sub-Saharan Africa 1 . Although the burden has reduced in response to global efforts to increase the provision of proven malaria interventions such as insecticide-treated bed nets and access to health care and treatment 1 , it remains high. One of the challenges in reducing malaria transmission is the long duration of infection in the human host, which in semi-immune individuals may persist for a year or more 2 . In particular, although infection often leads to disease in naive individuals, those with sufficient acquired immunity can harbour parasites -and hence be onwardly infectious to mosquitoes -without exhibiting symptoms 3 . One option for speeding the decline in transmission could be to target the asymptomatic reservoir of infection 4 by providing either periodic mass-screen-and-treat (MSAT) programmes, focal MSAT or a reactive strategy in which individuals living in the vicinity of an identified clinical case are screened and treated. However, the extent to which such strategies are able to reduce the infectious reservoir will depend on the extent to which the diagnostic used to identify infected individuals also detects those who are onwardly infectious. Another form of targeting could take place at the population level (for example a village) where mass interventions are deployed if the population prevalence *These authors contributed equally.

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Measurement of Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity using serological cohort data from Indonesian schoolchildren

Cited by 37 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of Immunoglobulin G Responses to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Malian School Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay

Evaluation of Immunoglobulin G Responses to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Malian School Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay

Novel serologic biomarkers provide accurate estimates of recent Plasmodium falciparum exposure for individuals and communities

Assessing the impact of next-generation rapid diagnostic tests on Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination strategies

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