Measurement of Plasma Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and its Clinical Implications

Abstract

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) has been shown to exist in human circulating plasma. Several groups including ours have developed methods for immunologically measuring OxLDL, which have been applied to several clinical, both cross-sectional and prospective, studies. These data clearly show that OxLDL levels correlate well with the severity of cardiovascular diseases. In particular, recent observations suggest that plasma OxLDL levels could be a useful marker for predicting future cardiovascular events; however, substantial differences exist among the different methods of Ox-LDL measurement. To evaluate the clinical data on circulating OxLDL, a proper understanding of the similarity, differences, and limitation of the methods is needed. This paper summarizes the characteristics of the methods used and recent clinical findings.

Glycated LDL increases monocyte CC chemokine receptor 2 expression and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-mediated chemotaxis

“…Protein modification was evaluated by measuring pentosidine formation spectrofluorometrically (excitation at 335 nm, emission at 385 nm) [26]. Oxidation was measured using a highly sensitive sandwich ELISA using DH3, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes oxidatively modified lipoproteins (Kyowa Medex, Tokyo, Japan), and an antihuman apoprotein B monoclonal antibody (BD Biosciences) [27]. In the ELISA plate, various concentrations of standard oxidized LDL, which was prepared by incubating LDL with 5 μmol/L CuSO 4 at 37°C for 3 hours, were run simultaneously to determine a standard curve.…”

Oxidised Low-Density Lipoprotein Concentrations and Physical Activity Status in Older Adults: The WASEDA Active Life Study

“…Furthermore, oxidised LDL has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis 1,2) . Previous clinical studies have associated elevated oxidised LDL concentrations with the severity of acute coronary syndromes 3) or coronary heart disease 4) .…”

“…Oxidised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is taken up by macrophages via scavenger receptors, leading to foam cell formation and is considered a risk marker for cardiovascular disease 1) . Furthermore, oxidised LDL has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis 1,2) .…”

Circulating oxidized low-density lipoproteins are associated with overweight, obesity, and low serum carotenoids in older community-dwelling women

“…LDL is a large particle that contains one apoB molecule and a large number of triacylglycerol, free cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid molecules [9]. LDL contains carotenes and xanthophylls, the two major classes of carotenoids in humans, and carotenoids protect LDL against oxidation [10].…”

“…Both abdominal obesity and general obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m 2 ) were shown to be independently associated with circulating ox-LDL among men and women, aged in Spain [6]. Among subjects with LDL is a large particle that contains one apoB molecule and a large number of triacylglycerol, free cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid molecules [9]. LDL contains carotenes and xanthophylls, the two major classes of carotenoids in humans, and carotenoids protect LDL against oxidation [10].…”