Measurement of Particle Size, Number Density, and Velocity Using a Laser Interferometer

Farmer, William M.

doi:10.1364/ao.11.002603

Cited by 236 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As is well known, the visibility of the beat signal deteriorates when the particle size becomes larger than the fringe spacing (Farmer, 1972 and. Roberds (1977) proposed a formula for the signal visibility, and showed that the visibility can be improved with the use of small light collection aperture at the sacrifice of sensitivity.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Measured Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A measuring system for the time variation of size and charge of a single spherical particle and its applications

Nakajima

2006

Chemical Engineering Science

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Section: Experimental Setup and Measured Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A measuring system for the time variation of size and charge of a single spherical particle and its applications

Nakajima

2006

Chemical Engineering Science

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“…b denotes the relative magnitude ofF AC ðk x Þ. If the particles can be approximated as microspheres, b can be estimated as 11,12 b ≈ 2J 1 ðπs∕dÞ ffiffiffiffi N p ðπs∕dÞ ;…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration-free structured-illumination photoacoustic flowgraphy of transverse flow in scattering media

Yao¹,

Gilson

Maslov

et al. 2014

J. Biomed. Opt

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Abstract. We propose a calibration-free photoacoustic (PA) method for transverse flow measurements. In this method, a pulsed periodically structured (i.e., grating patterned) optical beam is used to illuminate flowing absorptive particles in an optically scattering medium. The PA signal amplitudes measured over consecutive laser pulses carry an imprint of the illumination structure. The modulation frequency of the imprint is proportional to the component of the flow speed projected onto the normal axis of the striped illumination pattern. This method can tolerate high particle density, and is insensitive to the particle size, thus calibration-free. Bovine blood and microsphere phantoms were used to validate the proposed method. Blood flow in a mouse ear was measured in vivo as well.

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“…In its simplest form, the scattered light from an individual particle transiting a series of interference fringes set up by coherent, monochromatic light from intersecting laser beams forming the measurement zone is detected as a train of oscillating pulses (64) (Fig. 11a).…”

Section: Phase-doppler Particle Sizingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-impactor-Based Methods for Sizing of Aerosols Emitted from Orally Inhaled and Nasal Drug Products (OINDPs)

Mitchell

Bauer²,

Lyapustina³

et al. 2011

AAPS PharmSciTech

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Abstract. The purpose of this article is to review non-impactor-based methods for measuring particle size distributions of orally inhaled and nasal pharmaceutical aerosols. The assessment of the size distributions of sprays and aerosols from orally inhaled and nasal drug products by methods not involving multi-stage cascade impaction may offer significant potential advantages in terms of labor savings and reducing the risk for operator-related errors associated with complex-to-undertake impactor-based methods. Indeed, in the case of nasal spray products, cascade impaction is inappropriate and alternative, and preferably non-invasive methods must be sought that minimize size-related bias associated with the measurement process for these relatively large droplets. This review highlights the options that are available to those involved with product quality assessments, providing guidance on relative strengths and weaknesses, as well as highlighting precautions that should be observed to minimize bias. The advent of Raman chemical imaging, which enables an estimate to be made of the proportion of each particle comprising active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) (APIs), necessitates a re-think about the value of classical microscopy image analysis as now being capable of providing API-relevant information from collected aerosols and sprays.

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Measurement of Particle Size, Number Density, and Velocity Using a Laser Interferometer

Cited by 236 publications

References 5 publications

A measuring system for the time variation of size and charge of a single spherical particle and its applications

A measuring system for the time variation of size and charge of a single spherical particle and its applications

Calibration-free structured-illumination photoacoustic flowgraphy of transverse flow in scattering media

Non-impactor-Based Methods for Sizing of Aerosols Emitted from Orally Inhaled and Nasal Drug Products (OINDPs)

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