Measurement of non-enteric emission fluxes of volatile fatty acids from a California dairy by solid phase micro-extraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Alanis, Phillip; Sorenson, Mark; Beene, Matt; Krauter, Charles; Shamp, Brian; Hasson, Alam S.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.015

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is probably due to high concentrations of acetic acid in the liquid and solid phase (up to several percent by mass) in silage (Danner et al, 2003, Kung and Shaver, 2001). These findings are consistent with recently reported data on the evaluation of nonenteric emission fluxes of VFAs from five different locations including silage and TMR (Alanis et al, 2008). Higher concentrations of VFAs were observed from silage versus TMR.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Identification and Quantitation of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Dairy Silages and Other Feedstuffs

Malkina

Kumar²,

Green

2011

J of Env Quality

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High ground-level ozone continues to be an important human, animal, and plant health impediment in the United States and especially in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV). According to California state and regional air quality agencies, dairies are one of the major sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the SJV. A number of recently conducted studies reported emissions data from different dairy sources. However, limited data are currently available for silage and otherfeed storages on dairies, which could potentially contribute to ozone formation. Because the impact of different VOCs on ozone formation varies significantly from one molecular species to another, detailed characterization of VOC emissions is essential to include all the important contributors to atmospheric chemistry and especially atmospheric reactivity. The present research study identifies and quantifies the VOCs emitted from various silages and other feedstuffs. Experiments were conducted in an environmental chamber under controlled conditions. Almost 80 VOCs were identified and quantified from corn (Zea mays L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.),and cereal (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] and oat [Avena sativava L.] grains) silages, total mixed ration (TMR), almond (Amygdalus communis L.) shells and hulls using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed high concentrations of emitted alcohols and other oxygenated species. Lower concentrations of highly reactive alkenes and aldehydes were also detected. Additional quantitation and monitoring of these emissions are essential for assessment of and response to the specific needs of the regional air quality in the SJV.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Identification and Quantitation of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Dairy Silages and Other Feedstuffs

Malkina

Kumar²,

Green

2011

J of Env Quality

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“…Ngwabie et al (2007Ngwabie et al ( , 2008 reported that VOC concentrations in dairy, sheep and pig CAFOs were the highest during animal waste removal and feeding, indicating that large emissions were related to these activities. Recent studies found that VOC concentrations in dairy farms were significantly higher near silage and piles of animal feed (i.e., total mixed rations) than near other places (animal pens, lagoons and flush lanes), suggesting that feed-related sources dominate VOC emissions (Alanis et al, 2008;Chung et al, 2010). Enhancements of some VOCs (e.g., acetone) in animal sheds are also related to animal exhalation (Shaw et al, 2007;Ngwabie et al, 2008;Sintermann et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a large number of potential VOC sources inside a CAFO, potentially including animal exhalation, animal waste in animal pens, flushing lanes, lagoons, silage storage piles and silos, and feed mixtures in feed lanes and bunks (Alanis et al, 2008;Chung et al, 2010). Early studies mainly focused on VOC emissions from animal waste (e.g., slurry and manure) under laboratory conditions (Hobbs et al, 1997(Hobbs et al, , 1998(Hobbs et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies of VOCs from animal feeding operations have been conducted with offline analytical methods (Filipy et al, 2006;Alanis et al, 2008;Sun et al, 2008;Chung et al, 2010;Ni et al, 2012). VOCs were collected on filters, or in canisters and cartridges and were quantified in the laboratory using various methods (see reviews in Ni et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH 4 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H 3 O + ToF-CIMS), which can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO 3 ) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high timeresolution mobile measurements allow for the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH 3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of animalrelated emissions (animal exhalation and waste) and feedrelated emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with animals and their waste.

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“…Silage production has recently been identified as a major source of VOCs from dairies (Alanis et al, 2008) and might show to be the leading agricultural source in locations like Central California (Howard et al, 2010a). In a recent study, Chung et al (2010) identified 48 VOCs from dairy sources, which included sources from silage and TMRs, whereas Malkina et al (2011) identified 24 VOCs from silage and TMR emissions.…”

Section: Volatile Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Air: Confined Animal Facilities and Air Quality Issues

Werth

Schusterman

Peterson

2014

Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems

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Measurement of non-enteric emission fluxes of volatile fatty acids from a California dairy by solid phase micro-extraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Identification and Quantitation of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Dairy Silages and Other Feedstuffs

Identification and Quantitation of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Dairy Silages and Other Feedstuffs

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

Air: Confined Animal Facilities and Air Quality Issues

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