Measurement of Muscle Strength of Ankle Joint Using Isokinetic Dynamometer in Normal Korean Adults

Abstract

Restoration of ankle stability through the strengthening exercise of peroneus muscles is considered an important factor for achievement of successful outcomes, in the rehabilitation program following ankle ligament injuries. However, there were few definitive data on normal muscle strength, including eversion power by peroneus muscles. This study was conducted to evaluate the muscle strength of ankle joint measured using an isokinetic dynamometer in normal Koreans. Materials and Methods: Sixty adults (120 ankles) were recruited and divided into three groups (20 in their twenties, 20 in thirties, and 20 in forties). Each group consisted of 10 males and 10 females. The selection criteria were no history of ankle injury and no evidence of instability. The peak torque, total work, and deficit ratio were measured using the Biodex TM (Biodex Medical Systems). Differences in muscle strength by age, gender and dominant versus non-dominant side were analyzed. Results: The peak torque of dorsiflexion was average 31.5 Nm at 30 o /s of angular velocity and 18.8 Nm at 90 o /s; average 69.3 Nm (30 o /s) and 42.4 Nm (90 o /s) on plantarflexion; average 19.6 Nm (30 o /s) and 10.8 Nm (90 o /s) on inversion; average 12.9 Nm (30 o /s) and 8.0 Nm (90 o /s) on eversion. The deficit ratio of strength in women was average 61.1% of men on dorsiflexion; average 66.2% on plantarflexion; average 48.5% on inversion; average 55.4% on eversion. The deficit ratio in non-dominant foot was average 88.6% of dominant foot on dorsiflexion; average 90.1% on plantarflexion; average 85.1% on inversion; average 85.6% on eversion. Conclusion: The muscle strength of the ankle joint showed a tendency to weaken with age. There were significant differences in muscle strength by gender and dominancy. Further studies for comparison of patients with ankle instability, a comparison between before and after surgery for instability, the correlation between clinical outcomes and the recovery in muscle strength will be needed.

Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation with Gastrocnemius Strengthening on Foot Morphology in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…The sample size was determined using G*Power software (version 3.1.9.6; Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany) under the following configurations: t-tests, a calculated size effect (1.43) based on a previous study [30][31][32], a significance level (α) of 0.05,…”

“…The sample size was determined using G*Power software (version 3.1.9.6; Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany) under the following configurations: t-tests, a calculated size effect (1.43) based on a previous study [30][31][32], a significance level (α) of 0.05, and a desired statistical power of 0.80. The determined sample size was 31 participants, evenly distributed, with 16 individuals in the study group and 15 individuals in the CNMES group.…”

Effects of Ankle Control Training Combined with NMES on Foot Function and Balance in a Healthy Adult: A Pilot Study

“…30) The present study showed an increase in muscle activity in the lateral GCM, suggesting that the intervention in this study should be beneficial for ankle stability as well as balance. 21) When the lateral GCM is shortened, the calf bone exhibits posterior migration, 39) which can affect ankle joint and knee joint motion, leading to foot shape deformity and excessive knee flexion. 40) This study showed a significant increase in muscle activity in the soleus.…”

“…The intervention program in this study was modified and supplemented by referring to the studies by Cheng et al (2010) 30) and Choi & Chang (2022). 21) The therapy started with subjects in a standing position. An NMES device (Neurotech, Bio-Medical Research Ltd., Ireland) (Figure 1) was used for the exercise therapy intervention in the study group.…”

“…19) Previous studies have reported that training to activate eccentric contraction of the plantar flexor had positive effects on a posterior shift of the center of foot pressure, balance, and walking in a standing position. 20,21) Such ankle control training has been widely applied to patients to maintain and increase ankle range of motion and enhance ankle stability. 22) In particular, heel raise up & down exercises not only strengthen the GCM, but also improve the alignment of lower extremity and circulation.…”