Measurement of moisture content in photovoltaic panel encapsulants using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography: a feasibility study

Rashtchi, Shabnam; Ruiz, Pablo; Wildman, Ricky D.; Ashcroft, Ian

doi:10.1117/12.928959

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Rashtchi et al state that the spectral region between 3400 cm -1 and 3700 cm -1 is the best indicator of the Mrđa Lalić and Martinez: A Novel Application of EIS for Quantitative Coating ... moisture presence. 46 It should be noted that after the NSS and 3.5% NaCl experiments the painted samples were left for 3 months at room temperature and humidity, which allowed them to dry. 47 This could account for the almost complete lack of bands ascribed to water in ATR spectra.…”

Section: Characterization Of Coating System By Ftirmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Application of EIS for Quantitative Coating Quality Assessment During Neutral Salt Spray Testing of High-Durability Coatings

Lalic¹,

Martinez

2019

ACSi

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The aim of the study was to exemplify the benefits of using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for quantification of coating quality during accelerated corrosion testing before the appearance of visual changes on the surface of the coating. The study included an innovative application of the commercial flexible gel electrodes in a two-electrode setup for following the impedance of the two high-durability offshore coating systems exposed to 1440 h of neutral salt spray (NSS) according to EN ISO 9227. The results were compared to those of the EIS measurements during 8000 h long exposure to a liquid electrolyte in a press-on cell according to the established EN ISO 16773 method. Complementary methods of differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis have been used for surface, interface and depth profiling of coating characteristics that were commented with respect to the EIS results. The technique was applied on high-durability coatings Zn (R) + EP + EP or PUR intended for the protection in the coastal and offshore areas corresponding to C5-(H) and CX corrosivity categories in accordance with EN ISO 12944. EIS has been found to give sound quantitative results for coating impedance and a good estimation of long term coating behaviour within the first 100 h of accelerated exposure. It can be considered a promising tool for the early detection of coating damage during weathering tests.

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Section: Characterization Of Coating System By Ftirmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Application of EIS for Quantitative Coating Quality Assessment During Neutral Salt Spray Testing of High-Durability Coatings

Lalic¹,

Martinez

2019

ACSi

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“…The chemical structure of the encapsulation materials including the encapsulant and backsheet can be determined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [155,[158][159][160][161]. Moisture ingress is often a crucial parameter to monitor to assess module degradation, and can be quantified though the use of Raman Spectroscopy [162][163][164][165], as well as through optical transmission/reflectance measurements [166]. As discussed in Section 4.2.5, the formation of acetic acid is known to lead to corrosion within the module.…”

Section: Chemical Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raman spectroscopy [163,165] Optical transmission/reflectance measurements [166] Acetic acid content Ion chromotography [140,160] Fluorescence spectroscopy of pHsensitive dye additives [167] Discoloration/chemical breakdown of encapsulant Fluorescent spectroscopy [101,105,168] Determination of color (yellowing/browning) index [108] Encapsulation adhesion Adhesion strength Peel test [126,178] Torsional extraction method [125,177] Wedge test…”

Section: Moisture Ingressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing metrology for c-Si module reliability and durability Part III: Module manufacturing

Davis

Rodgers

Scardera

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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This article is the third and final article in a series dedicated to reviewing each process step in crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) module manufacturing process: feedstock, crystallization and wafering, cell fabrication, and module manufacturing. The goal of these papers is to identify relevant metrology techniques that can be utilized to improve the quality and durability of the final product. The focus of this article is on the module manufacturing process. The c-Si PV module fabrication process can be divided into three primary areas; (1) stringing and tabbing, (2) lamination, and (3) integration of junction box and bypass diode(s). Each of these processing steps can impact the reliability and durability of PV modules in the field. The ultimate goal of this article is to identify appropriate metrology techniques and characterization methods that can be utilized within a module manufacturing facility to improve the reliability and durability of the final product. Additionally, a gap analysis is carried out to identify areas in need of further research and a discussion is provided that addresses new challenges for advanced materials and emerging technologies.

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“…Nowadays, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an effective and promising method for the analysis of optically inhomogeneous objects in biology, medicine and industry [1][2][3][4]. OCT techniques can be divided into two basic types: time-domain (TD) OCT [5] and spectral-domain (SD) OCT [6] (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging-AOTF-based full-field spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

et al. 2015

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A technique for spectral filtration of interference images in full-field optical coherence tomography is proposed, implemented and tested. It is based on the spectral selection of light in the registration channel of the interferometer by imaging acousto-optic tunable filter. It is demonstrated that the diffraction of two interfering optical beams via the same ultrasound wave does not destruct the coherence. This new technique, which can be named tunable-imaging-filter-based full-field spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (TIF FF SD OCT), is applicable for 3D surface and inner structure visualization of optically inhomogeneous biomedical objects with moderate spectral, lateral and axial resolution, however with rather high speed.

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Measurement of moisture content in photovoltaic panel encapsulants using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography: a feasibility study

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

A Novel Application of EIS for Quantitative Coating Quality Assessment During Neutral Salt Spray Testing of High-Durability Coatings

A Novel Application of EIS for Quantitative Coating Quality Assessment During Neutral Salt Spray Testing of High-Durability Coatings

Manufacturing metrology for c-Si module reliability and durability Part III: Module manufacturing

Imaging-AOTF-based full-field spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

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