Measurement of microwave electric field based on electromagnetically induced transparency by using cold Rydberg atoms

fei, zhou; Jia, Feng-Dong; Liu, Xiubin; Zhang, Jian; Xie, Feng; Zhong, Zhimei

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20222059

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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Section: Cold Atom Experiments Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This section introduces the cold atom experimental setup [30]. As shown in figure 4, a cigar-shaped atomic cloud was formed under the captivity of a pair of square gradient-field coils and three pairs of MOT cooling/repump lights [30,34]. We used a pair of square coils to increase the size of the cold atomic cloud considering a certain dimension to improve the signalto-noise ratio (SNR) of the Rydberg spectral.…”

Section: Cold Atom Experiments Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The atomic initial states are arranged on each m F state of 5S 1/2 , F = 2, owing to the Boltzmann distribution and near degeneration of the m F state energy levels. The size of the blue ball represents the population of the atomic initial state in the cold atomic system, where the temperature is extremely low and a quantized axial magnetic field is applied, thereby degenerating [30]. A pair of square gradient magnetic field coils and three pairs of MOT light are being used to cool and trap a long cloud of cold atoms.…”

Section: Preparation Of Cold Atom Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liao et al used electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) to indicate that the lower limit of the linear region of EIT-AT splitting is 100 µV cm −1 , and the minimum E MW characterized by EIA transmittance is 21.6 µV cm −1 [27]. To the best of our knowledge, few reports on measuring E MW using the EIT of cold atoms exist [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the cold Atom Rydberg EIT experimental facility[30]. A pair of square gradient magnetic field coils and three pairs of MOT light are being used to cool and trap a long cloud of cold atoms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the spectral resolution and measurement range of quantum microwave electrometry by cold Rydberg atoms

fei¹,

Jia²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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We theoretically and experimentally studied quantum microwave electrometry in a cold atomic system using Rydberg electromagnetic induction transparency (EIT) and Autler--Townes splitting ( EIT-AT splitting). In cold atoms, a spectral linewidth of ~ 500 kHz for EIT was achieved owing to a significant reduction in residual Doppler width, i.e., by at least an order of magnitude, compared to that in vapor cells at room temperature. Therefore, the minimum microwave electric field intensity EMW that can be measured is 430 μV/cm, which is one order higher sensitivity in the EIT-AT regime than that in vapor cells at room temperature. Unlike microwave electrometry in atomic vapor cells, EIT-AT splitting cannot be observed if EMW is so large that the EIT-AT splitting interval Δ fm exceeds the absorption peak width of the cold atom while scanning the frequency of the probe laser (ωp). Moreover, EIT-AT splitting can be observed if Δ fm exceeds the natural linewidth Γeg of the intermediate states while scanning the coupling laser (ωc) and maintains a high spectral resolution with a high signal-to-noise ratio. While scanning ωc, the upper microwave electric field intensity is limited by the scanning range of our setup. Using our system, we measure the maximum field to be 21.6 mV/cm, nearly three times higher than that of 6.8 mV/cm while scanning ωp. The results indicate that the linear range of EMW measured using EIT-AT splitting considerably improves in cold Rydberg atoms.

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Section: Cold Atom Experiments Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cold Atom Experiments Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Cold Atom Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the spectral resolution and measurement range of quantum microwave electrometry by cold Rydberg atoms

fei¹,

Jia²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation

Hao 郝,

Jia 贾,

Cui 崔

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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We have theoretically and experimentally studied the dispersive signal of the Rydberg atomic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) - Autler-Townes (AT) splitting spectra obtained using amplitude modulation of the microwave (MW) electric field. In addition to the two zero-crossing points interval $\Delta f_{\text{zeros}}$, the dispersion signal has two positive maxima with an interval defined as the shoulder interval $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$, which is theoretically expected to be used to measure a much weaker MW electric field. The relationship of MW field strength $E_{\text{MW}}$ and $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ are experimentally studied at the MW frequencies of 31.6 GHz and 9.2 GHz respectively. The results show that $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ can be used to character the much weaker $E_{\text{MW}}$ than that of $\Delta f_{\text{zeros}}$ and the traditional EIT-AT splitting interval $\Delta f_{\text{m}}$, the minimum $E_{\text{MW}}$ measured by $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ is about 30 times smaller than that by $\Delta f_{\text{m}}$. As an example, the minimum $E_{\text{MW}}$ at 9.2 GHz that can be characterized by $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ is 0.056 mV/cm, which is the minimum value characterized by frequency interval using vapour cell without adding any auxiliary fields. The proposed method can improve the weak limit and sensitivity of $E_{\text{MW}}$ measured by spectral frequency interval, which is important in the direct measurement of weak $E_{\text{MW}}$.

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Extending microwave-frequency electric-field detection through single transmission peak method

Liu 刘,

Chen 陈,

Wang 王

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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The strength of microwave (MW) electric field can be observed with high precision using the standard EIT-AT techniques, when its frequency is resonant or near-resonant with the Rydberg transition frequency. As the detuning of MW field increases, the one of the transmission peaks (single peak) is easier to measure due to its increased amplitude. It can be found that the central symmetry point of the two transmission peaks f 1/2 is only related to the detuning of MW field △ MW and central symmetry points f 0 of resonant MW field, satisfying the relation f 1/2=△ MW /2+f 0. Thus, we demonstrate a single transmission peak method that the MW E-field can be determined by interval between the position of single peak and f 1/2. We use this approach to achieve the measurement of continuous frequencies ± 200 MHz bands of the MW field. The experimental results and theoretical analysis are presented to describe the effectiveness of this method. For 50 MHz < ΔMW <200 MHz, this method solves the problem that the AT splitting cannot be measured using the standard EIT-AT techniques and multiple atomic-level Rydberg atom schemes.

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Measurement of microwave electric field based on electromagnetically induced transparency by using cold Rydberg atoms

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Improving the spectral resolution and measurement range of quantum microwave electrometry by cold Rydberg atoms

Improving the spectral resolution and measurement range of quantum microwave electrometry by cold Rydberg atoms

Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation

Extending microwave-frequency electric-field detection through single transmission peak method

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