Measurement of leg-length discrepancy using laser-based ultrasound method

Rannisto, Satu; Paalanne, Niko; Rannisto, Pasi-Heikki; Haapanen, Arto; Oksaoja, Sanna; Uitti, Jukka; Karppinen, Jaro

doi:10.1258/ar.2011.110268

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the assessment of inter-rater reliability, two physiotherapists from Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences measured 20 healthy voluntary students with no known previous LLD (90% women, mean age 23 years (range 19–35 years) on two consecutive days, blinded to each other’s assessment. For the evaluation of intra-rater reliability, the same two physiotherapists measured the same 20 voluntary students in mixed order on two consecutive days [12]. The same two physiotherapists measured also the participants of this study but did not participate in the study otherwise.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correction of leg-length discrepancy among meat cutters with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

Rannisto

Okuloff

Uitti

et al. 2019

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundThe etiology of non-specific low back pain (LBP) is complex and not well understood. LBP is common and causes a remarkable health burden worldwide. Leg-length discrepancy (LLD) is potentially a risk factor for development of LBP, although this relationship has been questioned. Yet only one randomized controlled study (RCT) has been performed. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of insoles with leg-length discrepancy (LLD) correction compared to insoles without LLD correction among meat cutters in a RCT-design.MethodsThe study population consisted 387 meat cutters who were over 35 years old and had been working 10 years or more. The LLD measurement was done by a laser ultrasound technique. All workers with an LLD of at least 5 mm and an LBP intensity of at least 2 on a 10-cm Visual Analog Scale were eligible. The LLD of all the participants in the intervention group was corrected 70%, which means that if the LLD was for example 10 mm the correction was 7 mm. The insoles were used at work for eight hours per day. The control group had insoles without LLD correction. The primary outcome was between-group difference in LBP intensity. Secondary outcomes included sciatic pain intensity, disability (Roland Morris), RAND-36, the Oswestry Disability Index, physician visits and days on sick leave over the first year. We used a repeated measures regression analysis with adjustments for age, gender and BMI. The hurdle model was used for days on sick leave.ResultsIn all, 169 workers were invited and 114 (67%) responded. Of them, 42 were eligible and were randomized to the intervention (n = 20) or control group (n = 22). The workers in the intervention group had a higher improvement in LBP intensity (− 2.6; 95% confidence intervals − 3.7 – − 1.4), intensity of sciatic pain (− 2.3; − 3.4 – − 1.07) and RAND-36 physical functioning (9.6; 1.6–17.6) and a lesser likelihood of sick leaves (OR -3.7; − 7.2 - -0.2).ConclusionsCorrection of LLD with insoles was an effective intervention among workers with LBP and a standing job.Trial registrationISRCTN11898558. Registration date 11. Feb 2011. BioMed Central Ltd.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously established a new LLD measurement with a laser ultrasound range meter [12]. The measurement method showed an almost perfect agreement between repeated measurements with minimal systematic errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction of leg-length discrepancy among meat cutters with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

Rannisto

Okuloff

Uitti

et al. 2019

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…In most of the previous studies [4-6,10] LLD was assessed using erect-posture radiography, while some [7,8] used even the clinical method, which is less reliable and valid than radiographic or ultrasound methods [15,16]. The strength of our study is the validated accurate method to measure LLD [12]. Our laser-based ultrasound measuring method was accurate and easy to use, which makes it suitable for large-scale studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultrasound technique has been reported as reliable when compared to radiographic measurement [11]. Recently, we found that a modified ultrasound method was reliable and its agreement with radiographic method was excellent [12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leg-length discrepancy is associated with low back pain among those who must stand while working

Rannisto

Okuloff

Uitti

et al. 2015

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundSome studies suggest that leg length discrepancy (LLD) is associated with low back pain (LBP) but many have not found such an association leading to conflicting evidence on the role of LLD in LBP.MethodsThe study population consisted of meat cutters with a standing job and customer service workers with a sedentary job from Atria Suomi Ltd (Nurmo, Finland) who were at least 35 years old and had been working in their jobs for at least 10 years. Leg length of each participant was measured with a laser range meter fixed in a rod, which was holding the scanning head of the ultrasound apparatus. Association of the intensity of LBP (10-cm Visual Analog Scale) with LLD was analysed by linear regression model, while the hurdle model was used in analysing the association of number of days with LBP and days on sick leave during the past year. Associations were adjusted by gender, age, BMI, smoking, depressive feelings and type of work (standing or sedentary job).ResultsThe final study population consisted of 114 meat cutters (26 females and 88 males) and 34 customer service workers (30 females and four males). Forty-nine percent of the meat cutters and 44% of the customer service workers had LLD of at least 6 mm, while 16% and 15%, respectively, had LLD of at least 11 mm. In the whole study population, LLD of 6 mm or more was associated with higher intensity of LBP and number of days with LBP. In the stratified analysis, both intensity of LBP and number of days of LBP were associated with LLD among meat cutters but not among customer service workers. The sick leaves during past year were slightly longer among those with LLD 10 mm or more, but the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsLLD, measured with a laser range meter, was associated with intensity of LBP and self-reported days with LBP during the past year among meat cutters engaged in standing work.Trial registrationISRCTN11898558 - The role of leg length discrepancy in low back pain.

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“…Lasers are commonly used in the medical field for measurement including facial imaging, corneal thickness, and limb length. In these applications, lasers are easy to operate and possess high measurement reliability [ 9 , 10 ]. Although, lasers are not used in the medical field to measure height, veterinarians use laser devices to measure animal height.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the utility of a laser device for measuring height in free-living adults and children

Mayol-Kreiser¹,

Garcia-Turner²,

Johnston³

2015

Nutr J

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BackgroundHeight is an important health assessment measure with many applications. In the medical practice and in research settings, height is typically measured with a stadiometer. Although lasers are commonly used by health professionals for measurement including facial imaging, corneal thickness, and limb length, it has not been utilized for measuring height. The purpose of this feasibility study was to examine the ease and accuracy of a laser device for measuring height in children and adults.FindingsIn immediate succession, participant height was measured in triplicate using a stadiometer followed by the laser device. Measurement error for the laser device was significantly higher than that for the stadiometer (0.35 and 0.20 cm respectively). However, the measurement techniques were highly correlated (r2 = 0.998 and 0.990 for the younger [<12 y, n = 25] and older [≥12 y, n = 100] participants respectively), and the estimated reliability between measurement techniques was 0.999 (ICC; 95 % CI: 0.998,1.000) and 0.995 (ICC; 95 % CI: 0.993,0.997) for the younger and older groups respectively. The average differences between the two styles of measurement (e.g., stadiometer minus laser) were significantly different from zero: +0.93 and +0.45 cm for the younger and older groups respectively.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that laser technology can be adapted to measure height in children and adults. Although refinement is needed, the laser device for measuring height merits further development.

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Measurement of leg-length discrepancy using laser-based ultrasound method

Abstract: The ultrasound-laser technique is quick and easy to perform. Both reliability and agreement with the radiographic method are excellent. The ultrasound measurement is non-invasive and therefore a potential alternative to radiographic methods in the evaluation of LLD.

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Correction of leg-length discrepancy among meat cutters with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

Correction of leg-length discrepancy among meat cutters with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

Leg-length discrepancy is associated with low back pain among those who must stand while working

Examining the utility of a laser device for measuring height in free-living adults and children

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