Measurement of K vitamins in human and animal plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection.

Hirauchi, Kazumasa; Sakano, Toshiyuki; Morimoto, Akira

doi:10.1248/cpb.34.845

Cited by 40 publications

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“…This conclusion implies that other sources of vitamin K may contribute significantly to human vitamin K status. It is well known, for instance, that substantial amounts of menaquinones are found in the fat fractions of dairy produce (yoghurt, cheese) and meat (Sakano et al 1988;Hirauchi et al 1989;Shearer et al 1992), and the question is to what extent these menaquinones are absorbed from the diet. As a first attempt to obtain some insight into this problem we analysed the serum menaquinone-4 levels as a function of time after the ingestion of butter enriched with this vitamer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gla-containing proteins have a regulatory function in blood coagulation (Furie & Furie, 1992), bone metabolism (Hauschka et al 1989), and possibly also in cell growth (Manfioletti et al 1993). Potential sources of vitamin K are the diet (Sakano et al 1988;Hirauchi et al 1989;Booth et al 1993) and the intestinal flora (Conly & Stein, 1992), but accumulating data suggests that the direct absorption of menaquinones produced by bacteria in the colon is poor (Lipsky, 1988(Lipsky, ,1994Groenen-van Dooren et al 1993, 1995. This is because bile salts (mainly present in the small intestine) are required for absorption of the various forms of vitamin K.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The main dietary sources of vitamin K are green vegetables (which exclusively contain phylloquinone) and dairy produce, in which a mixture of phylloquinone and menaquinones is found (Sakano et al 1988;Hirauchi et al 1989;Shearer et al 1992;Booth et al 1993). In this respect it is important to notice (a) that green leafy vegetables contain about 100 times more vitamin K than does cows' milk (Booth et al 1993), and (b) that in green plants vitamin K is tightly bound to the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts (Lichtenthaler, 1993), whereas in dairy produce it is dissolved in the fat fraction.…”

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Effect of food composition on vitamin K absorption in human volunteers

Gijsbers¹,

Jie²,

Vermeer³

1996

Br J Nutr

148

114

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The human vitamin K requirement is not known precisely, but the minimal requirement is often assumed to be between 0.5 and 1 x g/kg body weight. In the present study we addressed the question to what extent circulating vitamin K concentrations are influenced by the form in which the vitamer is consumed.The experimental group consisted of five healthy volunteers who received phylloquinone after an overnight fast. On the first day of three successive weeks the participants consumed 1 mg (22 pmol) phylloquinone, either in the form of a pharmaceutical preparation (Konakion"), or in the form of spinach + butter, or as spinach without added fat. Circulating phylloquinone levels after spinach with and without butter were substantially lower (75-and 24.3-fold respectively) than those after taking the pharmaceutical concentrate. Moreover, the absorption of phylloquinone from the vegetables was 1.5 times slower than from Konakion. In a second experiment in the same five volunteers it was shown that relatively high amounts of menaquinone-4 enter the circulation after the consumption of butter enriched with this vitamer. It is concluded that the bioavailability of membrane-bound phylloquinone is extremely poor and may depend on other food components, notably fat. The bioavailability of dietary vitamin K (phylloquinone + menaquinones) is lower than generally assumed, and depends on the form in which the vitamin is ingested. These new insights may lead to a revision of the recommended daily intake for vitamin K.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of food composition on vitamin K absorption in human volunteers

Gijsbers¹,

Jie²,

Vermeer³

1996

Br J Nutr

148

114

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“…Also, no differences were seen in plasma PK and MK homologue concentrations between the hepatocellular carcinoma patients and healthy adults, whose plasma PK and MK homologue concentrations were measured by the same method. 15,16) This indicates that PK and MK homologue contents are especially lower in the cancerous tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Measurement of plasma PK and MK homologue concentrations Plasma samples were collected from the 12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma immediately before surgery and the plasma PK and MK homologue (MK-4, MK-5, MK-6, MK-7, MK-8) concentrations were measured by HPLC combined with coulometric reduction and fluorometric detection, as previously described. 15,16) Statistical analysis A statistical analysis was performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the vitamin K homologue content in the cancerous tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with that of the noncancerous tissue. We used the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the vitamin K homologue content in the cancerous tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with that in the cancerous tissue of metastatic hepatic cancer patients; to compare that in the cancerous tissue of serum PIVKA-II positive hepatocellular carcinoma patients with that in the cancerous tissue of serum PIVKA-II negative patients; and to compare the plasma vitamin K concentration in the serum PIVKA-II positive hepatocellular carcinoma patients with that in the serum PIVKA-II negative patients.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin K Contents in Liver Tissue of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Miyakawa

Kajiwara²,

Shirahata³

et al. 2000

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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Serum protein induced in vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) is used as a tumor marker because it increases at a notably higher rate in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. To clarify the mechanism causing the elevation of serum PIVKA-II, we measured the contents of vitamins K 1 (phylloquinone, PK) and K 2 (menaquinone, MK) (MK-4, MK-5, MK-6, MK-7, MK-8, MK-9, MK-10) in liver tissue resected from 21 hepatic cancer patients (12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 9 patients with metastatic hepatic cancer), using HPLC combined with coulometric reduction and fluorometric detection. In the cancerous tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma patients, PK, MK-7, MK-8, and MK-10 were significantly lower than that found in the noncancerous tissue. Furthermore, MK-6, MK-7, MK-8, and MK-10 in the cancerous tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma patients were significantly lower than that in the cancerous tissue of metastatic hepatic cancer patients. These data suggested that one of the mechanisms of the elevation of serum PIVKA-II levels in hepatocellular carcinoma patients is a vitamin K deficiency in the local cancerous tissue.

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Changes of plasma des-γ-carboxy prothrombin levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in response to vitamin K

Furukawa

Nakanishi

Okuda

et al. 1992

Cancer

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The effect of menaquinone‐4 (MK‐4, vitamin K2) was studied on des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP or PIVKA‐II) levels in three subjects with vitamin K deficiency and five patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with positive DCP. The half‐life of DCP in HCC patients after intravenous MK‐4 administration (50 mg daily for 14 days) was determined to be 60 hours, identical to that found in vitamin K‐deficient subjects who received MK‐4. When a single dose of MK‐4 (10 mg) was given intravenously to three patients with HCC and elevated DCP, the levels decreased with a reduction rate identical to that in vitamin k‐deficient subjects for the first 1 to 3 days, followed by an increase reaching the previous level in 7 to 10 days. Changes in plasma coagulant activity were compared between subjects with vitamin K deficiency and those with HCC before and after a single dose of MK‐4 (10 mg). The activity increased in DCP‐positive patients with HCC as is vitamin K‐deficient subjects who received the same single dose of MK‐4. The increase was greater in HCC patients with higher DCP levels. These results suggest dial the level of plasma DCP in patients with HCC responded to vitamin K with the same sensitivity as that in vitamin K‐deficient subjects. When patients with HCC underwent effective tumor therapy (resection or arterial embolization), the reduction rate (slope of DCP decline) was found to be identical to that in vitamin K‐deficient subjects given with MK‐4. In patients with less effective therapy, the reduction rate was smaller, or there was an increase in DCP. These observations strongly suggest that sequential measurements of the DCP reduction rate after treatment for HCC are useful for assessing therapeutic effects.

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Measurement of K vitamins in human and animal plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection.

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of food composition on vitamin K absorption in human volunteers

Effect of food composition on vitamin K absorption in human volunteers

Vitamin K Contents in Liver Tissue of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Changes of plasma des-γ-carboxy prothrombin levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in response to vitamin K

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