“…This can be done using a stereotactic frame (Kelly, 1986), or with frameless registration systems (Zamorano et al, 1992;Zinreich et al, 1993;Grimson et al, 1996). Af-(CSF) leakage cause a gravitational shift that is due to the disappearance of tension and pressure forces at the brain and ventricular boundaries (Bucholz et al, 1997;Hill et al, 1998;Maurer et al, 1998;Nabavi et al, 2001). Tissue retraction places brain tissue under constraint, while tissue resection consists of removing tissue, and both cause deformations of neighboring brain tissue (Roberts et al, 1998;Nabavi et al, 2001;Miga et al, 2001).…”