Measurement of Indoor Thoron Gas Concentrations Using a Radon-Thoron Discriminative Passive Type Monitor: Nationwide Survey in Japan

Sanada, Tetsuya

doi:10.3390/ijerph18031299

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the second campaign organized from 1993 to 1996, a total of 900 measurements were collected. The average annual radon concentration was calculated as 16 Bq m −3 [94]. A third survey carried out from 2007 to 2010 covered 3500 dwellings.…”

Section: Japan (Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Radon Research in the Asia-Pacific Region

Janik¹,

Bossew

Hasan

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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Indoor radon is a major hazard to human health; it is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Therefore, radon research in Asia has intensified recently due to the growing awareness of the harm that radon poses. An analysis of the collected literature data showed that in Asia–Oceania, some regions have—or are believed to have—little indoor radon problems due to climate and low Rn ground. It can be concluded that countries have their own approaches, techniques, and protocols. Data were not harmonized within each region; however, measurement techniques were compared by regional intercomparison exercises. The situation differs regarding studies on the usability of radon as a tracer or potential predictor of tectonic phenomena, as some countries are in seismically active zones, such as India, Taiwan, China, Japan, etc. India and Taiwan are global leaders in this research, as well as Italy, which is another seismically affected country. We provide an overview of radon-related surveying and research activities conducted in the western, southern, and eastern Asian regions over the past few years. Additionally, we observed that the number of indoor radon measurements per million inhabitants increases as the human development index (HDI) increases.

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Section: Japan (Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Radon Research in the Asia-Pacific Region

Janik¹,

Bossew

Hasan

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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“…Therefore, the counting rate resulting from the progeny accumulation effect in measurement cycle i, n p,i , was estimated using Equation (12).…”

Section: Algorithm For Correcting Progeny Accumulation Effect and Est...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, exposure to even a low level of thoron can result in a considerable effective dose in the respiratory tract due to the high-dose conversion factor of thoron progeny compared to that of radon progeny [1,6]. Additionally, numerous surveys have revealed that the indoor levels of thoron and its progeny are comparable to, or even higher than, those of radon and its progeny in many regions [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Therefore, the radiological risk associated with thoron warrants significant attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoron Gas Measurement Using Airflow-Through Scintillation Cell with Consideration of Progeny Deposition

et al. 2023

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Accurate measurement of low-level thoron gas and high-accuracy calibration of thoron measurement devices are essential for assessing and preventing thoron radiological risks. This study aimed to develop a thoron gas measurement technique using an airflow-through scintillation cell for both low-level measurement and high-accuracy calibration. To achieve this, a compartment model was developed to estimate the influence of progeny deposition and accumulation on the wall of the scintillation cell to prevent an overestimation of thoron. A self-developed scintillation cell was utilised to implement and validate this technique. The lower detection limit and measurement uncertainty were then evaluated to assess the feasibility of the technique for low-level measurement and high-accuracy calibration. The results showed that the compartment model effectively addressed the influence of progeny deposition. The measurement technique achieved a lower detection limit below 100 Bq m−3 even with the coexistence of that of 100 Bq m−3 of radon and attained a measurement uncertainty (k = 2) below 10% when the concentration of thoron exceeded 1000 Bq m−3. In summary, this study developed a reliable and practical thoron gas measurement technique using an airflow-through scintillation cell with a consideration of progeny deposition, and is expected to contribute to the assessment and prevention of thoron radiological risk.

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“…Potentially altered Tn diffusion length due to dwelling characteristics (older type settings, building materials, exhalation rates, or wall surface status) and atmospheric or human-lifestyle-oriented ventilation rates in apartment and traditional styles might be the probable reasons for larger Tn variabilities. As the distribution of Tn gas typically depends on the distance from the room wall [44,45], we focused on the wall distances for RADUETs. The Tn concentration measured in the modern type was found to be lower (<20 Bqm −3 ) for different wall distant positions.…”

Section: Estimation Of Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentrations In Dwel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Population Exposure to Indoor Radon and Thoron in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

et al. 2023

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Radon, an element of natural radiation, is considered one of the leading causes of lung cancer worldwide. In Bangladesh, radon has been clarified as a foremost source of radiation exposure. Potential natural-radiation-induced elevated cancer risks were estimated in Bangladesh previously for the population. In this survey, as a very preliminary study in the country, comparative indoor radon (222Rn, Rn) and thoron (220Rn, Tn) concentration/population exposure was determined for the multistoried dwellings of south-western areas of Dhaka city. RADUET was used to assess annual Rn and Tn concentrations in determining the primary inhalation dose for the population. The annual effective dose of Rn and Tn was evaluated in this study for dwellings at 0.3 mSvy−1, constituting a Tn dose contribution of an average of 40% with a dwelling-based wide range of 10–96%. Thus, Tn should not be neglected for Bangladesh while estimating radiological inhalation dose from the indoor environment. Again, the equilibrium factors, F of Rn and Tn, were determined by short-term measurement at averages of 0.6 and 0.02, respectively. Furthermore, using questionnaire estimation by principal component analysis, PCA following the dwelling characteristics, human lifestyles, and estimated long-term indoor Rn and Tn concentrations, this paper discussed indoor atmospheric/Rn factors for the investigated multistoried dwellings in Dhaka city.

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Measurement of Indoor Thoron Gas Concentrations Using a Radon-Thoron Discriminative Passive Type Monitor: Nationwide Survey in Japan

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Indoor Radon Research in the Asia-Pacific Region

Indoor Radon Research in the Asia-Pacific Region

Thoron Gas Measurement Using Airflow-Through Scintillation Cell with Consideration of Progeny Deposition

Preliminary Population Exposure to Indoor Radon and Thoron in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

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