Measurement of IgA responses following Norwalk virus infection and other human caliciviruses using a recombinant Norwalk virus protein EIA

Parker, S.; Cubitt, W. D.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800051566

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several seroepidemiological studies in industrialized countries have shown that, in contrast to rotavirus, human (classic) calicivirus, and astrovirus infections, which all occur in young children, NLV infection occurs in older children and adults [16][17][18][19]. In contrast, other studies [20,21] report that NLV infection is more common in infants and young children than has commonly been believed-the incidence of NLV infection even appeared to decrease in association with increasing age in one study [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Spectrum and Transmission Characteristics of Infection with Norwalk‐Like Virus: Findings from a Large Community Outbreak in Sweden

et al. 2001

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A large foodborne outbreak caused by Norwalk-like virus (NLV) among children and staff at 30 day care centers provided an opportunity to study symptomatology and attack rates among patients in different age groups, as well as secondary transmission rates in centers and households. A retrospective cohort study of 775 subjects from 13 randomly chosen centers was performed. Diarrhea was more common in adults than in children (P=.001), whereas the reverse was noted with regard to vomiting (P=.003). The primary attack rate was 27% (142 of 524 subjects): 54% of adults versus 19% of children (P<.001). The mean incubation time for foodborne cases of infection was 34 hours. The secondary attack rate was 17%. Risk factors for spread into households were the primary case being a child (relative risk [RR], 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-7.6) and vomiting (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0-5.5). The incubation time for person-to-person transmission was approximated by a mean serial interval of 52 hours. This is the first reported outbreak of NLV infection in which secondary transmission into households by individuals has been studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Spectrum and Transmission Characteristics of Infection with Norwalk‐Like Virus: Findings from a Large Community Outbreak in Sweden

et al. 2001

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“…IgM and IgA antibody responses were specific to the homologous genotype. Previous studies using adult sera also suggested that serum IgM and IgA antibodies might be more specific for the homologous type than the heterologous type [Parker and Cubitt, 1994b;Brinker et al, 1998Brinker et al, , 1999Hale et al, 1998;Rockx et al, 2005a;Tsugawa et al, 2006]. To interpret the cross-reactivity of IgM and IgA, further investigations are needed based on cases of NoV primary infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral immune responses against norovirus infections of children

Iritani

Seto

Hattori

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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In 2 infants with gastroenteritis associated with Norovirus (NoV), serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, IgA, and fecal IgA antibody responses against NoV were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using 11 different antigenic and genetic types of NoV virus-like particles expressed in insect cells. These two cases were putative primary single NoV infections, because antibodies against NoVs were not detected in acute-phase serums. In one of two cases, long-term excretion of virus RNA for 33 days was observed. Serum IgG responses demonstrated strong seroresponse to the homologous type, and weak seroresponse to the heterologous types within the genogroup. After more than 2 years, the IgG antibody titer remained high to the homologous type and low to the heterologous type within the genogroup. IgM and IgA were specific to the homologous type. IgM was short lived and the serum IgA antibody titer remained low to the homologous type for a long period. These results improve our understanding of the humoral immune response to NoV infection.

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“…This format initially was developed to measure total immunoglobulin in human sera. The same format later was adapted for detection of immunoglobulin isotypes (IgA, IgG, and IgM) [49][50][51][52] by changing the conjugates to detect each specific isotype. The assays for IgG or total immunoglobulins have been widely used in serosurveys of HuCV infection in many countries [18,[53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Baculovirus-expressed Hucv Capsid Proteins and Related Eiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study using these assays found differences in risk factors for NV and MxV infection in populations with different socioeconomic and geographic locations [84]. EIAs specific for detection of IgA and IgM have been used to describe infection and immunity in volunteers and in patients involved in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis [51,52,61,79]. These assays were more specific than the IgG detection EIAs and may be useful to define the type of a recent outbreak [51,52,61,76].…”

Section: Application Of the Antibody-detection Eias In Serosurveys Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EIAs specific for detection of IgA and IgM have been used to describe infection and immunity in volunteers and in patients involved in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis [51,52,61,79]. These assays were more specific than the IgG detection EIAs and may be useful to define the type of a recent outbreak [51,52,61,76]. With continued development and standardization of the methods, these assays will have more applications for use in clinical and epidemiologic studies of HuCVs.…”

Section: Application Of the Antibody-detection Eias In Serosurveys Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of Human Caliciviruses by Use of Enzyme Immunoassays

et al. 2000

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The application of molecular technologies, such as the expression of viral proteins in baculovirus, has provided a powerful approach to the diagnosis of human calicivirus (HuCV) infections. The baculovirus-expressed HuCV capsid protein self-assembles into virus-like particles, providing excellent reagents for immunologic assays, such as enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Following the expression of the capsid protein of Norwalk virus, the capsid proteins of 8 other HuCV strains have been expressed in baculovirus. The unlimited supply of baculovirus-produced reagents for HuCVs allows these EIAs to be applied in large-scale clinical and epidemiological studies. Both the antigen and antibody-detection EIAs are highly sensitive. The antigen-detection EIAs are highly specific, but the antibody-detection EIAs are more broadly reactive. This article reviews baculovirus expression techniques used to produce HuCV capsid antigens, development of EIAs using these antigens, and application of these EIAs in studies of HuCV infection and illness.

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Measurement of IgA responses following Norwalk virus infection and other human caliciviruses using a recombinant Norwalk virus protein EIA

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Clinical Spectrum and Transmission Characteristics of Infection with Norwalk‐Like Virus: Findings from a Large Community Outbreak in Sweden

Clinical Spectrum and Transmission Characteristics of Infection with Norwalk‐Like Virus: Findings from a Large Community Outbreak in Sweden

Humoral immune responses against norovirus infections of children

Diagnosis of Human Caliciviruses by Use of Enzyme Immunoassays

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