Measurement of Human Serum IgD Levels

Overed-Sayer, Catherine; Mosedale, David E.; Goodall, Margaret; Grainger, David J.

doi:10.1002/0471142735.im0209bs85

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The tubes were then agitated on top of a thermo mixer (Eppendorf) for 10 s at 700 rpm to disrupt nonspecific conjugates, before the cells were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde (PFA; for flow cytometry experiments) or in PBS, 1% PFA, 0.1% saponin (for ImageStream experiments) for 15 to 20 min at room temperature. The nuclei were stained with Hoechst (2 mg/ml, ImageStream), and the relative proportions of GFP + cells that had formed conjugates were determined by ImageStream analysis or by flow cytometry, as described previously (76). To analyze actin polarization to the immunological synapse in primary mouse CD4 + T cells, P815 cells were incubated with anti-CD3 antibody (5 mg/ml, clone 2C11) for 30 min at 37°C in 5% CO 2 .…”

Section: Conjugate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The kinase Itk and the adaptor TSAd change the specificity of the kinase Lck in T cells by promoting the phosphorylation of Tyr ¹⁹²

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The substrate specificity of Src family kinases (SFKs) is partly determined by their Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. Thus, transient alterations in the SH2 domain of SFKs might change their binding partners and affect intracellular signaling pathways. Lck is an SFK that is central to the initiation of T cell activation in response to ligand binding to the T cell receptor (TCR) and is also critical for later signaling processes. The kinase activity of Lck requires both the phosphorylation of an activating tyrosine residue and the dephosphorylation of an inhibitory tyrosine residue. We found that a third conserved tyrosine phosphorylation site (Tyr(192)) within the SH2 domain of Lck was required for proper T cell activation and formation of cell-cell conjugates between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Through phosphopeptide arrays and biochemical assays, we identified several regulators of the actin cytoskeleton that preferentially bound to Lck phosphorylated at Tyr(192) compared to Lck that was not phosphorylated at this site. Two of these phosphorylation-dependent binding partners, the kinase Itk (interleukin-2-inducible Tec kinase) and the adaptor protein TSAd (T cell-specific adaptor), promoted the TCR-dependent phosphorylation of Lck at Tyr(192). Our data suggest that phosphorylation transiently alters SH2 domain specificity and provide a potential mechanism whereby SFKs may be rewired from one signaling program to another to enable appropriate cell activation.

show abstract

Section: Conjugate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The kinase Itk and the adaptor TSAd change the specificity of the kinase Lck in T cells by promoting the phosphorylation of Tyr ¹⁹²

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In all fish examined to date, membrane-bound IgD-encoding transcripts have been detected, and secreted IgD has been clearly detected at the protein level in selected species, including catfish and rainbow trout (46,47). The concentration of IgD in catfish serum was estimated at 0.03 mg/ml (46), which is approximately equal to the concentration of IgD in human serum (48). Interestingly, in lungfish, the majority of IgD(W)-or IgD(W)-related IgH transcripts encoded secreted Igs (49,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multiple IgH Isotypes Including IgD, Subclasses of IgM, and IgY Are Expressed in the Common Ancestors of Modern Birds

Han

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although evolutionarily just as ancient as IgM, it has been thought for many years that IgD is not present in birds. Based on the recently sequenced genomes of 48 bird species as well as high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of immune-related tissues, we demonstrate in this work that the ostrich (Struthio camelus) possesses a functional δ gene that encodes a membrane-bound IgD H chain with seven CH domains. Furthermore, δ sequences were clearly identified in many other bird species, demonstrating that the δ gene is widely distributed among birds and is only absent in certain bird species. We also show that the ostrich possesses two μ genes (μ1, μ2) and two υ genes (υ1, υ2), in addition to the δ and α genes. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that subclass diversification of both the μ and υ genes occurred during the early stages of bird evolution, after their divergence from nonavian reptiles. Although the positions of the two υ genes are unknown, physical mapping showed that the remaining genes are organized in the order μ1-δ-α-μ2, with the α gene being inverted relative to the others. Together with previous studies, our data suggest that birds and nonavian reptile species most likely shared a common ancestral IgH gene locus containing a δ gene and an inverted α gene. The δ gene was then evolutionarily lost in selected birds, whereas the α gene lost in selected nonavian reptiles. The data obtained in this study provide significant insights into the understanding of IgH gene evolution in tetrapods.

show abstract

“…Serum IgD levels have usually been assessed by ELISA, with reports of a wide range among healthy individuals (0.10 to 213 μg/ml). Serum IgD concentrations have been shown to increase over childhood and decrease with age, but no normality range has been well-established for different age groups ( 40 , 41 ).…”

Section: Predominantly Antibody Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review on the Standardization and Quality Assessment of Nonfunctional Laboratory Tests Frequently Used to Identify Inborn Errors of Immunity

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI), which were previously termed primary immunodeficiency diseases, represent a large and growing heterogeneous group of diseases that are mostly monogenic. In addition to increased susceptibility to infections, other clinical phenotypes have recently been associated with IEI, such as autoimmune disorders, severe allergies, autoinflammatory disorders, benign lymphoproliferative diseases, and malignant manifestations. The IUIS 2019 classification comprises 430 distinct defects that, although rare individually, represent a group affecting a significant number of patients, with an overall prevalence of 1:1,200-2,000 in the general population. Early IEI diagnosis is critical for appropriate therapy and genetic counseling, however, this process is deeply dependent on accurate laboratory tests. Despite the striking importance of laboratory data for clinical immunologists, several IEI-relevant immunoassays still lack standardization, including standardized protocols, reference materials, and external quality assessment programs. Moreover, well-established reference values mostly remain to be determined, especially for early ages, when the most severe conditions manifest and diagnosis is critical for patient survival. In this article, we intend to approach the issue of standardization and quality control of the nonfunctional diagnostic tests used for IEI, focusing on those frequently utilized in clinical practice. Herein, we will focus on discussing the issues of nonfunctional immunoassays (flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and turbidimetry/nephelometry, among others), as defined by the pure quantification of proteins or cell subsets without cell activation or cell culture-based methods.

show abstract

Measurement of Human Serum IgD Levels

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

The kinase Itk and the adaptor TSAd change the specificity of the kinase Lck in T cells by promoting the phosphorylation of Tyr ¹⁹²

The kinase Itk and the adaptor TSAd change the specificity of the kinase Lck in T cells by promoting the phosphorylation of Tyr ¹⁹²

Multiple IgH Isotypes Including IgD, Subclasses of IgM, and IgY Are Expressed in the Common Ancestors of Modern Birds

A Critical Review on the Standardization and Quality Assessment of Nonfunctional Laboratory Tests Frequently Used to Identify Inborn Errors of Immunity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Measurement of Human Serum IgD Levels

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

The kinase Itk and the adaptor TSAd change the specificity of the kinase Lck in T cells by promoting the phosphorylation of Tyr 192

The kinase Itk and the adaptor TSAd change the specificity of the kinase Lck in T cells by promoting the phosphorylation of Tyr 192

Multiple IgH Isotypes Including IgD, Subclasses of IgM, and IgY Are Expressed in the Common Ancestors of Modern Birds

A Critical Review on the Standardization and Quality Assessment of Nonfunctional Laboratory Tests Frequently Used to Identify Inborn Errors of Immunity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The kinase Itk and the adaptor TSAd change the specificity of the kinase Lck in T cells by promoting the phosphorylation of Tyr ¹⁹²

The kinase Itk and the adaptor TSAd change the specificity of the kinase Lck in T cells by promoting the phosphorylation of Tyr ¹⁹²