Measurement of gain and losses of a midinfrared quantum cascade laser by wavelength chirping spectroscopy

Benveniste, E.; Laurent, S.; Vasanelli, Angela; Manquest, Christophe; Sirtori, Carlo; Teulon, F.; Carras, Mathieu; Marcadet, X.

doi:10.1063/1.3089570

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For the threshold wavelength, on the other hand, an intermediate state between both laser transitions (l min m l max ) occurs, which is then dominated by the designed resonance emission with increasing current. In addition, this shift of states in alignment was also observed in the current dependence of gain coefficient, which confirms this theory [6,7].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of injectorless quantum cascade lasers by combining XRD- and laser-characterisation

Grasse

Katz

Böhm

et al. 2011

Journal of Crystal Growth

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a b s t r a c tWe present a wavelength prediction procedure on the basis of X-ray measurements and simulations for InP-based injectorless quantum cascade laser (QCL) devices. These lasers show excellent performance in the mid-infrared wavelength range, but are very sensitive to growth deviations, which cause strong wavelength shifts and are a serious obstacle for applications like gas sensing. However, by XRD-simulations of the active region, which consists of InAs, AlAs, GaInAs and AlInAs, the thicknesses and compositions can be extracted and are used as input values for bandstructure calculations, so that a prediction for the resonance energy of the laser transition can be obtained. With this technique a wavelength evaluation of injectorless QCLs with 3% accuracy could be accomplished, which is an essential improvement in applications like gas sensing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of injectorless quantum cascade lasers by combining XRD- and laser-characterisation

Grasse

Katz

Böhm

et al. 2011

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…A highlight is the realization and continuous improvement of Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) [2][3][4][5] that emit in this frequency range. The search for improved performances of QCLs includes a better design of the layer sequence to enhance the population inversion between the two subbands involved in the lasing transition, the decrease of the non radiative paths, but also the control of the photon re-absorption by the free carriers that are present in the structure [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . The free carrier absorption (FCA), well known from bulk structures, is transferred to a variety of intra-subband and inter-subband oblique (in two-dimensional k space) transitions in heterostructures 13,14 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of intra- and inter-subband scattering on the absorption in heterostructures

Ndebeka-Bandou¹,

Carosella²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2012

Appl. Phys. Lett.

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We analyze the absorption lineshape for inter-subband transitions in disordered quasi two-dimensional heterostructures by an exact calculation. The intra-subband scatterings control the central peak while the tails of the absorption line are dominated by the inter-subband scattering terms. Our numerical study quantitatively assesses the magnitude of the free carrier absorption. The accuracy of different models currently used for gain/absorption is discussed.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] Among the possible reasons for the degradation of performance are the depopulation of the upper levels (nonradiative escape) and the reabsorption of the laser photons, which is a widely studied topic. [9][10][11][12][13] The reabsorption is unavoidable because of the free carriers, in particular those that occupy the upper subband of the lasing transition. The free-carrier absorption (FCA) is well documented in bulk material where a quantum mechanical calculation 14 leads to a free-carrier absorption coefficient that closely resembles the semiclassical Drude result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-carrier absorption in quantum cascade structures

et al. 2012

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Free-carrier absorption in quantum cascade structuresCarosella, F.; Ndebeka-Bandou, C.; Ferreira, R.; Dupont, E.; Unterrainer, K.; Strasser, G.; Wacker, Andreas; Bastard, G. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. We show that the free-carrier absorption in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) is very small and radically different from the classical Drude result due to the orthogonality between the direction of the carrier free motion and the electric field of the laser emission. A quantum mechanical calculation of the free-carrier absorption and intersubband oblique absorption induced by interface defects, Coulombic impurities, and optical phonon absorption/emission is presented for QCLs with a double-quantum-well design. The interaction between the electrons and the optical phonons dominates at room temperature.

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Measurement of gain and losses of a midinfrared quantum cascade laser by wavelength chirping spectroscopy

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Evaluation of injectorless quantum cascade lasers by combining XRD- and laser-characterisation

Evaluation of injectorless quantum cascade lasers by combining XRD- and laser-characterisation

Relevance of intra- and inter-subband scattering on the absorption in heterostructures

Free-carrier absorption in quantum cascade structures

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