Measurement of foliar spray retention on creeping bentgrass

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of spray volume, nozzle type, adjuvants, the presence of dew, and their interactions on foliar retention of creeping bentgrass. Tartrazine, a common food dye, was used as a tracer in this study. Increasing spray volume from 95 L ha−1 to 1,500 L ha−1 decreased foliar retention efficiency from 98% to approximately 85%. Compared with flat-fan nozzles, air-induction nozzles delivered similar retention efficiency at all spray volumes evaluated. However, flat-fan nozzles provided higher uniformity and more thorough coverage. Adding nonionic surfactants, organosilicone adjuvants, or methylated seed oils at typical concentrations yielded retention efficiency of approximately 90% to 93% regardless of spray volumes. In contrast, with water alone, increasing spray volume reduced retention efficiency from 95.9% to 87.3%. Simulated dew applied at 1,950 L ha−1 increased retention efficiency by approximately 3% when spray application volume was 190 L ha−1, while no difference was observed at 750 L ha−1. The presence of dew reduced the impact of adjuvants on retention efficiency. Large quantities of dew, 3,800 L ha−1, did reduce retention efficiency.

Carbon Dots Embedded in Nanoporous SiO2 Nanoparticles for Enhancing Photosynthesis in Agricultural Crops

“…29 Some reports demonstrated that only 15% of the pesticides sprayed on grape leaves could be retained. 30 Spraying fine, coarse, and medium droplets of c-14-glyphosate on maize leaves resulted in 51%, 65%, and 70% dropout, respectively. 31 Accordingly, enhancing the adhesion of NMs on the leaf surface would improve their bioavailability.…”

“…However, there are still some problems with foliar application that limit its development, for example, falling on the leaves . Some reports demonstrated that only 15% of the pesticides sprayed on grape leaves could be retained . Spraying fine, coarse, and medium droplets of c-14-glyphosate on maize leaves resulted in 51%, 65%, and 70% dropout, respectively .…”

The Advancement and Prospects of the Tree Trunk Injection Technique in the Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests

“…Foliar spraying technology is the most common method of pest control, but its efficiency is low due to losses caused by spray drift [7][8][9]. For trees with a large crown and dense foliage, spraying is challenging [10].…”