Measurement of flow using bend sensor

Srinivasan, C. R.; Sen, Susobhit; Kumar, Anjan; Saibabu, Chenchu

doi:10.1109/icaect.2014.6757056

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, it is possible to verify some studies that demonstrate the applicability of this type of sensor for this purpose. For example, Fan et al [21] employ the sensor to monitor the airflow velocity in real-time, helping to save energy consumption in a wastewater treatment process; Xu et al [22] report a way to monitor water flow in pipelines using a flexible resistive film; Srinivasan, Sen, Kumar and Sabebu [23] use the sensor as a cantilever beam for flow measurement for moderate flow applications; Stewart, Fox and Harnett [24] developed a velocity sensor using the bend sensor for application in streams; Gonçalves, Medeiros, and Barbosa [25] presented a study of the resistive sensor application to measure the flow of water through the comparison between the results of experimental electromechanical characterization with a computer simulation, and these same authors [26] also proposed an adaptation of the valves commonly present in residential hydraulic systems, using a bend sensor, and demonstrated a new methodology for measuring the volume of water consumed in autonomous units.…”

Section: Thin-film Resistive Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposition of water meter for buildings based on a thin-film resistive sensor: electromechanical and thermal characterizations

Gonçalves,

Medeiros,

Barbosa

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Notoriously, measurement proves to be essential to encourage water conservation. Thus, this work characterizes two thin-film resistive sensors (bend sensors) with different coatings aiming at their application to measure water consumption. For this, the individual water measurement system is presented and discussed briefly. Then, resistive sensor parameters and operating principles are detailed, as well as the mathematical formulation of the correlation of the sensor resistance with the flow velocity. Methodologically, the system developed for the electromechanical and thermal characterization of the sensor is presented. The results allowed obtaining a quadratic relationship between the sensor deflection angle and the resistance. Furthermore, it was observed that the polyester-coated sensor presented a low hysteresis value when subjected to temperature variation, obtaining a negative linear relationship between the sensor resistance and temperature. In turn, the polyimide-coated sensor did not show low hysteresis when exposed to temperature change and flexed at 50° and 70° angles. Finally, it is proposed for future work computer simulations and experimental tests to confirm the applicability of the sensor for water measurement.

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Section: Thin-film Resistive Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposition of water meter for buildings based on a thin-film resistive sensor: electromechanical and thermal characterizations

Gonçalves,

Medeiros,

Barbosa

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…In general, the smaller the radius r of curvature and the more the involved conductive area of the sensor in the deflection is, the greater the RFS electrical resistance R will be. In order to give the full picture, it is also possible to relate the RFS resistance R versus the applied bending force F (R versus F) [74], or to the portion of the total length of the RFS (effective length, l) effectively subjected to the flexion/ bending (R versus l) [75]. Attention has to be paid to drift problems, since an RFS can vary its resistance over time even when in mechanically stationary conditions [19,71,76].…”

Section: Electrical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one work investigated sensor resistance variation versus applied force, obtaining a 'R versus F' curve [74]. It realized flow measurements by means of 4.5″ sensors by Spectra Symbol and determined a cubic fitting curve for forces within the 0-4 N range.…”

Section: Electrical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A different, but rarely adopted, front-end uses a half-bridge configuration [102] with a balanced supply. According to the aforementioned known temperature sensitivity (see section 3.1), a temperature-compensated front-end circuit can be conveniently adopted by means of a bridge configuration [25,33,74,79,103,104]. A recent work suggested an unusual front-end solution where the resistive values of sensors are determined through the time requested to charge a series capacitor connected to the comparator of the adopted microcontroller [85].…”

Section: Conditioning Circuitrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistive flex sensors: a survey

Saggio

Riillo

Sbernini

et al. 2015

Smart Mater. Struct.

133

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Resistive flex sensors can be used to measure bending or flexing with relatively little effort and a relativelylow budget. Their lightness, compactness, robustness, measurement effectiveness and low power consumption make these sensors useful for manifold applications in diverse fields.Here, we provide a comprehensive survey of resistive flex sensors, taking into account their working principles, manufacturing aspects, electrical characteristics and equivalent models, useful front-end conditioning circuitry, and physic-bio-chemical aspects. Particular effort is devoted to reporting on and analyzing several applications of resistive flex sensors, related to the measurement of body position and motion, and to the implementation of artificial devices. In relation to the human body, we consider the utilization of resistive flex sensors for the measurement of physical activity and for the development of interaction/interface devices driven by human gestures. Concerning artificial devices, we deal with applications related to the automotive field, robots, orthosis and prosthesis, musical instruments and measuring tools. The presented literature is collected from different sources, including bibliographic databases, company press releases, patents, master's theses and PhD theses.

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“…In recent years, cantilevers have had potential applications in many fields of science and technology, ranging from physical and chemical sensing to biological disease diagnosis as well as flow measurement. Employing cantilevers as sensing mechanisms over conventional sensors has many privileges such as high sensitivity, low cost, quick response, and low power requirements [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and evaluation of a graphene oxide-based cantilever-type flow-meter for subsonic gas flow rate measurement

Hamdollahi

Rahbar-Shahrouzi

2018

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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In this paper, a cantilever-type flow meter was fabricated to measure the rate of air flow in turbulent subsonic regimes such as purged gases. In the fabrication process, a piezoresistive material was coated on an interdigitated electric board as a substrate. The piezoresistive layer was a blend of latex as the polymeric matrix and graphene oxide as the sensing nanomaterial agent, which was reduced by solvothermal reduction method. The piezoresistive blend was dip-coated on a substrate with dotted pattern and was then reduced at 240 °C for 1 h in every coating step. When an air flow passed over the surface of the cantilever beam, the beam was bent in the downward direction, resulting in small variations in the resistance of the piezoresistive layer and a change in the bending angle of the cantilever which were measured simultaneously. The air flow rate was acquired via calibrating electrical resistance changes by Arduino and Wheatstone bridge circuit. The blending angle of the substrate caused by the interaction between the airflow and the cantilever and recorded by the camera and image processing was ultimately compared with the simulation results. The flow meter accuracy as a percentage of full scale (% FS) was calculated to be ±5.8%, and mean deviation was equal to 2.1 (% FS) with the appropriate response time of 0.70 s at the air flow range of 100−240 m s−1. Highlights • A cantilever-type flow meter was fabricated to measure the high-speed air flow rate. • The sensitive piezoresistive material was composed of GO and latex. • The dip-coating method was used to deposit the piezoresistive layer on the fiberglass substrate. • The impact of effective parameters on the performance of the flow meter was investigated. • A simulation study was performed and the results were compared with the experimental data.

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Measurement of flow using bend sensor

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Proposition of water meter for buildings based on a thin-film resistive sensor: electromechanical and thermal characterizations

Proposition of water meter for buildings based on a thin-film resistive sensor: electromechanical and thermal characterizations

Resistive flex sensors: a survey

Fabrication and evaluation of a graphene oxide-based cantilever-type flow-meter for subsonic gas flow rate measurement

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