Measurement of Flame Height by Image Processing Method

Zheng, Li; Yu, Ming; Yu, Shui Jun; Lu, Chunmei

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.983

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is demonstrated that estimating flame length and flame diameter accurately from images can be challenging and can result in large errors in the estimated HRR. Similar conclusions have been made by other authors [8]- [15]. There is clearly a need for a more robust method to estimate heat release rate, especially for outdoor fires.…”

Section: Appendix a Case Study Of Using Heskestad Equation To Predict...supporting

confidence: 86%

Predicting Heat Release Rate from Fire Video Data Part 1

Prasad

2024

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A novel approach for estimating transient heat release rate from fire images and video using deep learning techniques is presented. The heat release rate (HRR) is a critical parameter in characterizing the fire hazard and thermal effects of a burning item. It is an effective indicator of the fire growth rate and fire hazard that is used extensively in building fire safety design. However, for outdoor fires, heat release rate measurements are usually not available due to lack of measurement equipment.The goal of this work is to develop and demonstrate a novel technique based on "image calorimetry" for predicting heat release rate using video data and recurrent neural network models. The proposed methodology only requires video camera data and can be extended to outdoor fire experiments. Results of the trained neural network model on the investigated set of experiments conducted in a laboratory setting, show excellent comparison between predicted and temporally evolving heat release rate measurements, with an overall accuracy score of 0.94.

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Section: Appendix a Case Study Of Using Heskestad Equation To Predict...supporting

confidence: 86%

Predicting Heat Release Rate from Fire Video Data Part 1

Prasad

2024

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“…Two procedures were used to determine the height of the flame. The first method is conducted by image processing analysis for flame image by a MATLAB code [6], [21], & [22]. Flame height is calculated by relating the flame pixel position with the burner pixels in the image.…”

Section: Procedures Of Flame Height Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In industry, the flame height is particularly important since, for safety reasons and system integrity, the flame should not contact the combustion chamber walls in many applications. Flame height has been defined as is the distances of the burner tips to the point where the fuel appears in a stoichiometric condition with the oxidizers over flame centerline [6]. Hawthorne et al [7] presented the idea of a chemical flame height, which they described as "the length to the point where 99% full combustion appears".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation into Burner Configuration Effects on Premixed Flame Characteristics for LPG Diluted with CO<sub>2</sub>

Al-Tayyar

Alkhafaji

Shahad

2023

AMM

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Meeting stringent emission regulations, the demand for environmentally friendly fuels is increasing by the day. Alternative fuel must be burned alongside conventional fuel to increase the availability of such clean energy sources. The current experimental study investigates the characteristics of the premixed LPG flames with CO2 dilution in tube swirling and non-swirling burners. The study including testing the effects of equivalence ratios, φ, (0.8, 1, 1.2, & 1.4), CO2 dilution ratios (0%, 5%, 7.5%, & 10%), and aspect ratio of the non-swirling burner (2, 4, 6, 8, & 10). Two swirling burners with swirl number was tested, namely 0.78 & 0.48. The dilution of CO2 has been observed lengthens the flame, particularly at higher equivalence ratios and/or flow rates since there is more than one influence, they all agree on a similar influence on flame height. The flame shortens clearly when using a swirling burner. Besides, when increasing the swirl number, the flame height increases slightly. Also, the swirling burner divided the flame's inner core into segments equal to the number of swirl vanes, and a flower-shaped flame was generated at low flow rates. The burner’s aspect ratio affects flame height insignificantly. Flame stability limits increase for a higher equivalence ratio and it enhances due to CO2 addition. The LPG-CO2/air mixture has an improved reply to beat flame flashback. The addition of CO2 expands the flow rate of stable flame by about 40% and 25% for φ = 1 and 1.2 respectively. Utilizing a swirling burner improves flame stability greatly. The limit between flashback and blowout increased by about three times as a result of using a swirling burner.

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“…The effects of different flame lengths and distances from the water mist nozzle to the burner tip on suppression time were examined. The flame length is measured using an image processing technique based on the intensity of flame similar to that presented by Zheng et al (Zheng et al 2011). Water was supplied to the nozzles at a pressure of 3.1 bar, generating droplet sizes in the range of 50-100 μm, according to Spray System Company manufacturer specifications.…”

Section: Interaction Of Water Mist With a Bunsen Burner Flamementioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Suppression Using Water Mist Systems

Ghiji¹,

Burch²,

Gamble³

et al. 2021

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer

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Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) have superior energy density and lifetime compared to battery technologies such as lead acid. Despite the widespread application of LiBs in energy storage systems, electronic devices, aerospace and the automotive industry, they present a fire risk. In this study, experiments were conducted to characterize the thermal behavior of the electrolyte (as the main contributor to LiB fires) using a cone calorimeter; investigate the interactions of water mist and a Bunsen burner, as a precursor to examining the effectiveness of a water mist suppression system in extinguishing a LiB fire. In the present work, we have endeavored to systematically study the fire suppression efficacy of water mist by adopting to some novel approaches. This involved carefully planned laboratory scale explorations that involved a propane gas fueled flame, and subsequently by using bespoke set up that mimicked fire owing to fuel surge from typical Li-ion cell (18650 cells). In the latter set of fire suppression tests, water droplets were produced by a fan nozzle and sprayed horizontally toward the jet flame of replica 18560 battery containing only the electrolyte. The results showed that both fire types (Bunsen burner and LiB) are suppressed rapidly on activation of the water mist fire suppression system for geometries that enable the water mist direct access to the lift-off zone, between the gas source and base of the flame.

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Measurement of Flame Height by Image Processing Method

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Predicting Heat Release Rate from Fire Video Data Part 1

Predicting Heat Release Rate from Fire Video Data Part 1

An Investigation into Burner Configuration Effects on Premixed Flame Characteristics for LPG Diluted with CO<sub>2</sub>

Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Suppression Using Water Mist Systems

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