Measurement of Femoral Torsion

Ho, P. S.; Wb, Greene; Guilford, W. Bonner; Ca, Mittelstaedt; Gaisie, G.; Lm, Vincent; Durell, C

doi:10.1097/01241398-198509000-00007

Cited by 21 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The only previous literature values of normal torsional course with growth were determined using semi-quantitative clinical measurement methods [3,[5][6][7][8][9]. Radiographic measurement methods are rarely used because of their complexity and lack of reproducibility [10][11][12]. Computed tomography (CT) is the current gold standard for quantitative 3D measurement, but its use is limited, particularly in children, because of ionizing radiation [2,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EOS analysis of lower extremity segmental torsion in children and young adults

Gaumétou

Quijano

Ilharreborde

et al. 2014

Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EOS analysis of lower extremity segmental torsion in children and young adults

Gaumétou

Quijano

Ilharreborde

et al. 2014

Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research

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show abstract

“…Radiological measures, including plain radiography, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are generally used to determine femoral torsion. Although both radiography (Phillips et al 1985) and CT (Hernandez et al 1981, Botser et al 2012, Delialioglu et al 2006 have been shown to be reliable tools, they both carry the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation, and are therefore not recommended for repeated measurement (Peterson et al 1981, Sullivan et al 1982. In the last ten years there has been a shift towards the use of MRI, which avoids the hazards of ionizing radiation and also enables imaging in a variety of planes (Guenther et al 1995, Kulig et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a method for measuring femoral torsion using real-time ultrasound

et al. 2014

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Excessive femoral torsion has been associated with various musculoskeletal and neurological problems. To explore this relationship, it is essential to be able to measure femoral torsion in the clinic accurately. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are thought to provide the most accurate measurements but CT involves significant radiation exposure and MRI is expensive. The aim of this study was to design a method for measuring femoral torsion in the clinic, and to determine the reliability of this method. Details of design process, including construction of a jig, the protocol developed and the reliability of the method are presented. The protocol developed used ultrasound to image a ridge on the greater trochanter, and a customized jig placed on the femoral condyles as reference points. An inclinometer attached to the customized jig allowed quantification of the degree of femoral torsion. Measurements taken with this protocol had excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.98 and 0.97, respectively). This method of measuring femoral torsion also permitted measurement of femoral torsion with a high degree of accuracy. This method is applicable to the research setting and, with minor adjustments, will be applicable to the clinical setting.

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Comparison of four methods for measuring femoral anteversion

et al. 1993

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This study evaluates the most valid and reproducible method for directly measuring anteversion (torsion) in dried femora using a commercially available measuring machine. Each femur was placed horizontally on the surface of the machine and readings were obtained from the head, the shaft distal to the lesser trochanter, and the distal end. Using computer software, four different anteversion angles were calculated: the center head-neck line to the retrocondylar line (Method 1); the center head-neck line to the transcondylar line (Method 2); the anterior head-trochanter line to the retrocondylar line (Method 3); and the anterior head-trochanter line to the transcondylar line (Method 4). The methods were applied to 20 femora, which were measured twice by one observer. The most reproducible method of measuring femoral anteversion uses the bone surfaces on the anterior aspect of the head and greater trochanter and on the posterior aspect of the condyles (Method 3,95% confidence limits of t 0.4"). The other methods are shown to be reproducible to t 2.4", t 3.3" and t 1.7" (Methods 1,2, and 4, respectively, 95% confidence limits). Conversion factors between the different methods are: 12.5" + 0.8 x (anteversion angle) to change each of Method 2 to Method 1 and Method 4 to Method 3; and 8" + 0.7 x (anteversion angle) to change each of Method 1 to Method 3 and Method 2 to Method 4 (correct to within t 3"). o 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Measurement of Femoral Torsion

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

EOS analysis of lower extremity segmental torsion in children and young adults

EOS analysis of lower extremity segmental torsion in children and young adults

Development of a method for measuring femoral torsion using real-time ultrasound

Comparison of four methods for measuring femoral anteversion

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