Measurement of extraocular horizontal muscle insertion distance via anterior segment optical coherence tomography of healthy children and comparison with healthy adults

Ocak, Osman Bulut; İnal, Aslı; Yılmaz, İhsan; Aygıt, Ebru Demet; Ocak, Serap Yurttaşer; Çelik, Selcen; Taşkapili, Mühittin; Gökyiğit, Birsen

doi:10.1007/s10792-018-0903-5

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Ocak OB et al reported a comparison between two groups of normal children aged 8-13 years and normal adults aged 25-30 years and found no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the corneal limbus-EOM insertion distance (LID) of MR but an increase in LID of LR in adults [8]. However, in this study, the AID of MRs tended to shorten with age.…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…Recent advances in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) have made it possible to visualize not only the cornea, anterior chamber, and iris but also the extraocular muscles (EOMs) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, these reports only involved the evaluation of tomographic images of the EOMs, and most of them were related to muscle insertion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shape analysis of rectus extraocular muscles with age and axial length using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

et al. 2020

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Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the shape of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) in normal subjects using the en-face images of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The EOM insertion and the direction of the muscle fibers were investigated. Subjects and methods A total of 97 healthy normal subjects (194 eyes) at Okayama University Hospital (age, 47.1±21.5 years; range, 8–79 years) participated in the study. A series of 256 tomographic images of the rectus EOMs were captured using the C-scan function of the AS-OCT (CASIA2, TOMEY Co., Japan), and the images were converted to en-face images in multi-TIFF format. The anterior chamber angle to EOM insertion distance (AID) and the angle of the muscle fibers from the insertion site (angle of muscles) were measured from the images. The correlations of AID and angle of muscles with age and axial length were investigated and evaluated. Results AID and angle of muscles were significantly correlated with age or axial length in some EOMs. The AIDs of medial rectus (MR) (P = 0.000) and superior rectus (SR) (P = 0.005) shortened with age. The AIDs of MR (P = 0.001) and inferior rectus (IR) (P = 0.035) elongated with axial length, whereas lateral rectus (LR) (P = 0.013) shortened. The angles of MR (P = 0.001) and LR (P = 0.000) were found to have a more downward direction toward the posterior in older subjects. Conclusion En-face images can be created by AS-OCT, and the shape of the EOMs in normal subjects using these image measurements was available. With the ability to assess the EOMs, AID and angle of muscles are expected give useful information for treating and diagnosing strabismus-related diseases.

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Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape analysis of rectus extraocular muscles with age and axial length using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

et al. 2020

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“…Our previous retrospective study on MR and LR insertion locations did not find a statistically significant difference between sexes. Similarly, studies from Turkey and the United States did not find a gender difference 6,12 . However, an Iranian study reported a difference 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Similarly, studies from Turkey and the United States did not find a gender difference. 6,12 However, an…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efforts to improve the surgical outcome for exotropia and investigation of the insertion locations of the extraocular muscles

Lai

Chang

2023

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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In our previous retrospective study, we found that using the strabismus surgery dosages established by western strabismus mentors tends to result in undercorrection of Taiwanese exotropia (XT) patients compared with those in western populations. We also discovered that the location of extraocular muscle (EOM) insertion could vary by ethnicity. In this study, using a generalized estimation equation model, we compared the XT surgery outcome between augmented and original strabismus surgery dosages in Taiwanese patients. We also conducted an observational study to investigate the horizontal EOM insertion location in a Taiwanese population and compared the data with Dr. Apt L.'s study. For Taiwanese XT patients, augmented surgical dosages resulted in significantly better outcome at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively compared with original surgical dosages (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). The distance from the lateral recuts muscle (LR) insertion location to the limbus was significantly shorter in Taiwanese than in white Americans (6.5 vs. 6.9 mm, respectively, p = 0.0001). Furthermore, the medial rectus muscle and LR insertion locations differed significantly between males and females (p < 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively). The patients' sex did not affect the surgery outcome. Augmented surgery doses modified from western strabismus mentors produce better surgery outcome for Taiwanese XT patients. Surgeons may require country‐specific guidelines for strabismus surgery dosage. We also demonstrated a simple method for young ophthalmologists to establish their own normograms to improve their surgical success rate. Our study confirms that LR insertion locations differ between Taiwanese and White Americans.

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“…Several techniques have been used to image the EOM pre-, intra-, and post-operatively to help plan surgery and reduce surgical exploration and time, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), B-Scan ultrasonography (US), and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. More recent studies have used the optical coherence tomography (OCT) to image EOM insertion on un-operated-on and previously operated-on muscles, but to our knowledge, none have used an operating microscope with integrated intra-operative OCT [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-, Intra-, and Post-Operative Evaluation of Extraocular Muscle Insertions Using Optical Coherence Tomography: A Comparison of Four Devices

Pihlblad

Troia

Tibrewal

et al. 2019

JCM

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OCT (optical coherence tomography) is widely used in ophthalmology and pediatric ophthalmology, but limited research has been done on the use of OCT in strabismus. This study investigates the use of different OCT machines to image rectus muscle insertions pre-, intra-, and post-operatively in pediatric strabismus patients. The OCT machines used in the study were a Bioptigen (Leica Microsystems Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL, USA), Spectralis HRA+OCT with Anterior Segment Module (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), Visante (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), and Zeiss Rescan 700 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Measurements from the machines were compared with the caliper distance measured during the strabismus surgery before disinsertion or after reattachment. The OCT machines had moderate (Bioptigen: 0.62) to good intraclass correlation coefficients (Rescan: 0.83, Spectralis: 0.85, Visante: 0.88) with intra-operative measurements. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use an operating microscope with integrated intra-operative OCT to image rectus muscle insertions. OCT is a useful tool in strabismus surgical patients in the pre-, intra-, and post-operative settings, particularly in patients who have had previous surgery, when the muscle insertion is unknown. The ability to accurately image rectus muscle insertions has significant implications for the management of strabismus patients.

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Measurement of extraocular horizontal muscle insertion distance via anterior segment optical coherence tomography of healthy children and comparison with healthy adults

Abstract: In healthy individuals, different imaging modalities can be used to measure LID, but AS-OCT can be used in pediatric age-groups as a preferred imaging method because it is easy and noninvasive.

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Shape analysis of rectus extraocular muscles with age and axial length using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

Shape analysis of rectus extraocular muscles with age and axial length using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

Efforts to improve the surgical outcome for exotropia and investigation of the insertion locations of the extraocular muscles

Pre-, Intra-, and Post-Operative Evaluation of Extraocular Muscle Insertions Using Optical Coherence Tomography: A Comparison of Four Devices

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