Measurement of energy requirements for size reduction of palm kernel and groundnut shells for downstream bioenergy generation

Nnaemeka, Nwakuba; MacManus, Ndukwu

doi:10.5897/jetr2016.0593

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These procedures require certain energy inputs (costs) which significantly decrease the energy and environmental balance in the entire lifecycle of the energy material (wood, grain biomass, etc.) [8][9][10][11][12][13]. According to the idea of sustainable development concerning the design of systems, devices, and processes, in three areas-the environment, society, and economy-the biomass processing lines should be characterized by the lowest possible energy consumption and environmental impact [14,15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Integrated Energy Consumption Index for Energy Biomass Grinding Technology Assessment

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The assessment of engineering objects in terms of energy consumption is an important part of sustainable development. Many materials, including those from the energy sector, need to undergo earlier processing, e.g., grinding. Grinding processes still demand a significant amount of energy, whereas current energy assessment methods do not take into account important parameters of the process, which makes it difficult to choose their optimal values. The study presents the analysis, testing, and assessment of mechanical engineering systems in terms of the energy consumption involved in the grinding of biomass intended for energy production purposes. A testing methodology was developed to improve the parameters of multi-disc grinding, including the reduction of energy consumption, power input, product quality improvement, and process efficiency. An original model of integrated energy consumption was developed. Tests were carried out on a five-disc grinder for five programs to assess the programmable angular speeds of the grinder discs. Output values, including specific energy demand, fragmentation degree, and integrated energy consumption, were assigned to each testing program. The test results were subjected to statistical analysis. Based on the authors' own research, it was found that the angular speed of the discs and, consequently, the linear speed of the grinding blades, have a significant influence on the values of the integrated energy consumption of the preliminary process.Acquiring energy from biomass requires its earlier preparation: drying, grinding, palletizing, etc. [7]. These procedures require certain energy inputs (costs) which significantly decrease the energy and environmental balance in the entire lifecycle of the energy material (wood, grain biomass, etc.) [8][9][10][11][12][13]. According to the idea of sustainable development concerning the design of systems, devices, and processes, in three areas-the environment, society, and economy-the biomass processing lines should be characterized by the lowest possible energy consumption and environmental impact [14,15]. It also aims to improve the competitiveness of biomass fuels in relation to conventional fossil fuels [16,17].Before being used for energy purposes, energy media need to be properly prepared, e.g., their dimensions need to be reduced by means of grinding [2]. Roller, drum, ball, hammer, and disc mills are used to grind granular biomaterials (biomass grains) [7,18]. Tests have shown that the best relations between product quality, yield, and grinding energy consumption occur for hammer and disc mills [2,7]. The quality of the grinding product is most often determined by the grinding degree, which is defined as the ratio of the characteristic dimensions of the particles before and after size reduction [19,20]. Other indicators, e.g., bulk density, grain size distribution, specific surface area, energy value, and their relationship with the comminution process, are also important from the point of view of the final product quality [4,[21][22]...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Integrated Energy Consumption Index for Energy Biomass Grinding Technology Assessment

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As an interesting note, in this study, they also reported that a proportional interaction between substrate size and glucose yield has been shown, with a concurrent increase in total surface area for enzymatic degradation. 113,114 On the other hand, the application of a deep eutectic solvent, which is the high melting point emerged uid from an ionic class solvent composed of two or three components, has been demonstrated by Zulkei et al 109 As a result, the increment of 26.4% of the cellulose component in pretreated OPT as compared to untreated OPT resulted in mixed ethyl ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol. Subsequently, the highest glucose conversion achieved was 74% from the saccharication of pretreated OPT at 50 C for 24 h (celluclast 1.5 L, 50 FPU per g; Novozyme 188, 100 CBU per mL; substrate concentration, 15 mg mL À1 ).…”

Section: Enzymatic Saccharication For Biosugar Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging technologies for value-added use of oil palm biomass

Norrrahim

Farid

Lawal

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The parameters of the technological quasi-cutting process are influenced by many variable factors, ranging from the properties of the material to the operating parameters of the shredding unit ( Figure 12 ) [ 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 ]. The knowledge of the variables influencing the quasi-cutting process is important from the point of view of the optimal process design [ 119 ]. These factors can be classified as material, machine, and process factors.…”

Section: Development Of Shredding In Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Efficient Contaminated Polymer Materials Shredding in Recycling Processes

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, a dynamic increase in the number of polymer elements ending their life cycle has been observed. There are three main ways of dealing with polymer waste: reuse in an unchanged form, recycling (both material and energy), and disposal (mainly in the form of landfilling or incineration). The legislation of European countries promotes in particular two forms of waste management: reuse and recycling. Recycling processes are used to recover materials and energy especially from contaminated waste, which are structurally changed by other materials, friction, temperature, machine, process, etc. The recycling of polymers, especially of multi-plastic structural elements, requires the use of special technological installations and a series of preparatory operations, including crushing and separating. Due to the universality and necessity of materials processing in recycling engineering, in particular size reduction, the aim of this study is to organize and systematize knowledge about shredding in the recycling process of end-of-life polymeric materials. This could help properly design these processes in the context of sustainable development and circular economy. Firstly, an overview of the possibilities of end-of-life plastics management was made, and the meaning of shredding in the end-of-life pathways was described. Then, the development of comminution in recycling processes was presented, with special emphasis given to quasi-cutting as the dominant mode of comminution of polymeric materials. The phenomenon of quasi-cutting, as well as factors related to the material, the operation of the shredding machine, and the technological process affecting it were described. Research conducted on quasi-cutting as a phenomenon when cutting single material samples and quasi-cutting as a machine process was characterized. Then, issues regarding recycling potentials in the context of shredding were systematized. Considerations included the areas of material, technical, energy, human, and control potentials. Presented bases and models can be used to support the innovation of creative activities, i.e., environmentally friendly actions, that produce specific positive environmental results in the mechanical processing of recycled and reused materials. The literature survey indicates the need to explore the environmental aspect of the shredding process in recycling and connect the shredding process variables with environmental consequences. This will help to design and control the processes to get the lowest possible environmental burdens.

show abstract

Measurement of energy requirements for size reduction of palm kernel and groundnut shells for downstream bioenergy generation

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

The Integrated Energy Consumption Index for Energy Biomass Grinding Technology Assessment

The Integrated Energy Consumption Index for Energy Biomass Grinding Technology Assessment

Emerging technologies for value-added use of oil palm biomass

The Development of Efficient Contaminated Polymer Materials Shredding in Recycling Processes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About