Measurement of Electron Density and Temperature of Laser-Induced Copper Plasma

Abstract

In present study, the Nd:YAG laser generated copper plasma has been evaluated as a function of distance (0.5-5 mm) at 17.6 and 88.6 mJ. The excitation temperature was determined using Boltzmann plot method of the transitions (4p P3/2 → 3d 4s 2 D5/2) at 510.34 nm (4d 2 D3/ 2 → 4p 2 P1/2) at 515.12 nm, (4d 2 D5/2 → 4p 2 P3/2) at 521.64, whereas electron number density was measured by Stark Broadening method. The spatial behaviour of the electron temperature and electron number density was measured at ambient air pressures. The electron temperature was found in the ranges from 16790-9090 K, while electron number density was 1.53 × 10 17-1.85 × 10 17 and 1.35 × 10 17-1.87 × 10 17 cm-3 , respectively for 17.6 and 88.6 mJ energy. The relationship of electron number density and electron temperature found directly related to laser irradiation, while they were inverse to the distance form the target surface.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic studies of calcite (CaCO3) marble using the fundamental (1064 nm) and second (532 nm) harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser

“…A naturally occurring calcite marble sample was collected directly from a fresh quarry of the Nikani Ghar Formation of the Lesser Himalayas for the present study. The characterization results for the different varieties of calcite and dolomite marble from this geological formation have been reported previously (Iqbal et al 2013, Fahad and Iqbal 2014, Fahad et al 2016a, 2016b, Fahad and Sundas 2018. Calcite marble can contain other phases like dolomite, quartz, and muscovite (Fahad et al 2016b).…”

“…This emission spectrum of the laser produced plasma contains important information not only about the constituent elements but also about the plasma parameters, thus facilitating the identification of constituents of many kinds of materials in solid, liquid, or gas states. The relative concentration of the constituent emitting species of the target material can be found by associating it with the intensity of the spectral lines (Miziolek et al 2006), while different plasma parameters, for example electron temper ature and number density can also be measured (Shaikh et al 2006, Unnikrishnan et al 2010, Naeem et al 2013.…”

Analysis of Optical Emission Spectra during Nitrogen-Plasma Treatment to Control the Wettability of Polystyrene Surface

“…The identified nitrogen-plasma species were used to determine plasma parameters; namely, temperature and electron density. Assuming that the plasma is in thermodynamic equilibrium, the electron temperature can be determined using the Boltzmann plot (Hamed, 2005;Musadiq et al, 2012;Naeem et al, 2013). The electron temperature was determined by using:…”

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Presence in Agricultural Samples of Lactuca sativa and Trifolium alexandrinum Using Picosecond Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in Banha and Giza Governorates, Egypt

“…During the last decade, LIBS has been deployed for a variety of applications. For instance, Naeem et al used a 532 nm Nd: YAG pulsed laser to delve into the properties of copper plasma [22], while Walid Tawfik et al employed LIBS to assess contamination by heavy elements in environmental samples under ambient air conditions [23][24][25][26].…”