“…Considering the ferrous substrate, Yang and Tai have used the swept-frequency eddy-current (SFEC) for the determination of the substrate permeability, which serve as the input for subsequent measurements of conductivity and thickness of coatings using the pulsed eddy current (PEC) method [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Other methods include the dual-frequency EC sensing technique [ 12 ], swept-frequency [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] and single-frequency [ 16 ] eddy current sensing for the thickness measurement of nonmetallic coatings, error compensations on the thickness of conductive coatings [ 17 ], reconstruction of multilayer electromagnetic parameters [ 18 , 19 ], numerical models [ 20 ], and alternative strategies on monitoring the coatings [ 21 ]. The proposed techniques can cope with small lift-off variations of up to 6 mm for either magnetic or nonmagnetic materials.…”