Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Attenuation by Building Walls in the Mobile Phone and Satellite Navigation Frequency Bands

Micheli, Davide; Delfini, Andrea; Santoni, Fábio; Volpini, F.; Marchetti, M.

doi:10.1109/lawp.2014.2376811

Cited by 66 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Free space measurement was used to measure the electromagnetic shielding characteristics of the actually manufactured foamed concrete. It was confirmed that electromagnetic signals were better blocked when the foam content was low and the BFS content was high in the measured frequency bands (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) and that approximately 90% of the electromagnetic signals were blocked over 4 GHz. …”

mentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In 2000, Cuinas and Sanchez [5] measured the propagation characteristics of the indoor of the building by measuring the reflection and transmission characteristics of wood, red brick, and glass as building materials in the 5.8 GHz band and measured the propagation characteristics of building materials for UWB channel modeling in 2003 [6]. Recently, to predict the signal coverage of 700 MHz∼5 GHz wireless signal using free space measurement method, the propagation attenuation characteristics of real buildings were analyzed [7] and the propagation characteristics of building floors, glass, and bricks in the tens of GHz band were performed [8][9][10]. In addition, in 2015 [11], the electromagnetic reflection characteristics of the new building material, the thickness variation (10 mm-40 mm) of the foamed concrete, and the type of foaming agent (vegetable, animal foam) were observed for the 2-18 GHz frequency band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromagnetic Shielding Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Foamed Concrete Wall

Cho

Kim

Hong

2017

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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The electromagnetic shielding characteristics according to the material composition of foamed concrete, which was manufactured to reduce environmental pollution and to economically apply it in actual building walls, were researched herein. Industrial byproducts such as ladle furnace slag (LFS), gypsum, and blast furnace slag (BFS) were added to manufacture foamed concrete with enhanced functionalities such as lightweight, heat insulation, and sound insulation. The electrical characteristics such as permittivity and loss tangent according to the foam and BFS content were calculated and measured. Free space measurement was used to measure the electromagnetic shielding characteristics of the actually manufactured foamed concrete. It was confirmed that electromagnetic signals were better blocked when the foam content was low and the BFS content was high in the measured frequency bands (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) and that approximately 90% of the electromagnetic signals were blocked over 4 GHz.

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mentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Shielding Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Foamed Concrete Wall

Cho

Kim

Hong

2017

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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“…En el modelo de propagación (3) es posible añadir otros términos, tales como la atenuación adicional que sufre la señal al atravesar paredes [2,3], asumiendo que se conoce la distribución del escenario donde se despliega el ILS.…”

Section: Algoritmo Rssunclassified

“…El cálculo de las coordenadas (x', y') se puede realizar mediante la minimización de una función de coste (4), fcost_ant (x',y') , [19] que relaciona el campo medido en cada uno de los N nodos estáticos, con el campo evaluado empleando la expresión (3).…”

Section: Algoritmo Rssunclassified

“…Asimismo, no siempre es posible disponer de línea de visión directa entre los elementos que conforman el ILS, de forma que la señal puede sufrir elevada atenuación si los elementos están emplazados en diferentes estancias [2][3][4]. Finalmente, el escenario de despliegue del ILS puede ser cambiante, con lo que no es posible emplear un modelo preciso para la caracterización de los efectos mencionados de multicamino y atenuación.…”

Section: Introduccion N Los úLtimos Años Los Sistemas De Localizaunclassified

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ZigBee-based Sensor Network for Indoor Location and Tracking Applications

Álvarez

Las-Heras

2016

IEEE Latin Am. Trans.

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Abstract-Practical asset and people tracking in indoor scenarios using Received Signal Strength (RSS) ZigBee-based sensor network is presented. The Indoor Location System (ILS) is based on a novel algorithm that uses relative field levels gathered by a set of transmitter nodes. These levels are introduced into a cost function which minimum gives the asset location estimation. The use of relative field levels-based algorithm avoids the need of system calibration due to signal strength fluctuation. The method is tested in two real indoor scenarios: the first example is devoted to evaluate the influence of the number of transmitting nodes on the position estimation accuracy as well as the number of samples to be averaged aiming to reduce uncertainty. The second example shows a realistic case of asset tracking, also studying the influence of sample averaging and number of transmitting nodes.

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Conductive and Ferromagnetic Syntactic Foam with Shape Memory and Self‐Healing/Recycling Capabilities

Sarrafan,

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Herein, a new lightweight syntactic foam is reported with strong mechanical properties, unique multifunctionalities, and recyclability. Multifunctionality of materials and structures has gained ever‐increasing interest as an excellent approach to designing minimalistic systems. Inspired by nature, these materials can perform multiple functions besides bearing a load. Due to their shape‐changing and damage‐healing property, shape memory vitrimers (SMVs) are a great example of multifunctional materials readily exploited for many applications. Using nickel and silver‐plated hollow glass microbubbles (HGMs), an SMV‐based syntactic foam is introduced here that supplements the multifunctionality of SMVs with electrical conductivity and ferromagnetism, which enables a series of additional potentials such as strain sensing, damage monitoring, Joule heating, and electromagnetic interference shielding. Despite its low density and outstanding mechanical properties, this foam exhibits shape memory behavior, which can be triggered by an electrical current, and damage healing capability due to its reversible dynamic covalent bonds. Especially its recyclability makes recycling the expensive silver‐coated and nickel‐coated HGMs feasible, making this foam cost‐effective and environmentally sustainable. With its many features and economical manufacturability, this syntactic foam has a potential to be utilized in many applications, ranging from aerospace structures to biomedical devices to household items.

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Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Attenuation by Building Walls in the Mobile Phone and Satellite Navigation Frequency Bands

Cited by 66 publications

References 5 publications

Electromagnetic Shielding Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Foamed Concrete Wall

Electromagnetic Shielding Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Foamed Concrete Wall

ZigBee-based Sensor Network for Indoor Location and Tracking Applications

Conductive and Ferromagnetic Syntactic Foam with Shape Memory and Self‐Healing/Recycling Capabilities

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