Measurement of Danube sediment radioactivity in Serbia and Montenegro using gamma ray spectrometry

Magnetic Susceptibility and Radiological Hazardous Nature of the River Sediments - Spectroscopical Approach

“…The mean concentration of 40 K is 0.91 times the world average value (420 Bq/kg) and 0.96 times Indian average value (400 Bq/kg) [6], respectively. The measured concentrations of 238 U and 232 Th (present study) are lower than the values obtained for the Danube river [24], Nile river [9] and Reedy river [16] sediments. However, the concentration of 232 Th in the present study is similar to the values registered by Descamps and Foulquier [25] and Powell et al [16] for French and Reedy river, respectively.…”

Correlations of natural radionuclides in sediment from Danube

“…The weighted mean values of 238 U, 232 Th, 226 Ra and 40 K specific activities of sediment were calculated for each of 18 locations (Bikit et al, 2006). Fig.…”

“…In this paper, absolute activities of natural radionuclides determined in previous works (Bikit et al, 2006) were used. However, if only the activity ratios of natural isotopes are intended to be used, there is not always a need for absolute calibration of the counting system provided the samples have identical geometry, similar density and self absorption characteristics.…”

“…The samples were taken in spring/ summer 2004 from locations which were known to remain under water even during the lowest water level. The sediment sampling and measurement procedures are described elsewhere (Bikit et al, 2006). About 1 kg of wet sediment was collected from the river bottom at each sampling point.…”

Study of the spatial distribution of natural radioactivity in the upper Egypt Nile River sediments

“…Agreement has been observed between the detected ranges of 232 Th and 40 K with the Krka River in Croatia (Cukrov and Barišić, 2006). The measured values are fairly low compared to those in Danube River sediments in Serbia and Novi Sad (Bikit et al, 2006). Table 3 shows the absorbed dose rates calculated from 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K activity concentrations for each location based on the conversion factors given by Yu et al (1992).…”