Measurement of cosmic-ray muons and muon-induced neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory

Blyth, S.; Chan, Y. L.; Chen, X. C.; Chu, M. C.; Cui, K. X.; Hahn, R. L.; Ho, T. H.; Hsiung, Y.; Hu, Bei-Zhen; Kwan, K. K.; Kwok, M. W.; Kwok, T.; Lau, Y. P.; Leung, J. K. C.; Leung, Kwong-Sak; Lin, G. L.; Lin, Y. C.; Luk, Kam Biu; Luk, Wai-Shing; Ngai, H. Y.; Ngan, S. Y.; Pun, C. S. J.; Shih, Kendrick Co; Tam, Y. H.; Tsang, R.; Wang, C. H.; Wong, Chun Ming; Wong, H. L. H.; Wong, Keith; Yeh, M.; Zhang, B. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.072005

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The predicted yields at Daya Bay from GEANT4 and FLUKA are also shown. Experimental data is shown from Hertenberger [6], Boehm [8], Aberdeen Tunnel [10], KamLAND [4], LVD [2] with corrections from [35], and Borexino [3]. The solid line shows the power-law fit to the global data set including Daya Bay.…”

Section: A Comparison With Other Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muon-induced neutron and isotope production has been studied with the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) muon beam in 2000 [1]. Studies on neutron and isotope yields in various materials in underground detectors have been performed by the INFN largevolume detector (LVD) [2], Borexino [3], KamLAND [4], and many others [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. This paper reports a measurement of the neutron production rate in liquid scintillator at three different values of average muon energy by the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, an underground lowbackground neutrino oscillation experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cosmogenic neutron production at Daya Bay

An¹,

Balantekin²,

Band³

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. D

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Neutrons produced by cosmic ray muons are an important background for underground experiments studying neutrino oscillations, neutrinoless double beta decay, dark matter, and other rare-event signals. A measurement of the neutron yield in the three different experimental halls of the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment at varying depth is reported. The neutron yield in Daya Bay's liquid scintillator is measured to be Y n ¼ð10.26AE0.86Þ×10 −5 , ð10.22AE0.87Þ×10 −5 , and ð17.03AE1.22Þ×10 −5 μ −1 g −1 cm 2 at depths of 250, 265, and 860 meters-water-equivalent. These results are compared to other measurements and the simulated neutron yield in FLUKA and GEANT4. A global fit including the Daya Bay measurements yields a power law coefficient of 0.77 AE 0.03 for the dependence of the neutron yield on muon energy.

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Section: A Comparison With Other Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmogenic neutron production at Daya Bay

An¹,

Balantekin²,

Band³

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. D

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“…The SNO detector was a kiloton-scale heavy water detector, located at a depth of 5890 AE 94 m.w.e. Using the parametrization found in [15], the average muon energy at this depth is ð363.0 AE 1.2Þ GeV, higher than those in many other published studies [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and comparable to that at LSD [3]. The SNO data can thus provide information in the high-energy regime and further the understanding of how models for neutron production scale with muon energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Many experimental collaborations have performed dedicated studies of cosmogenic neutrons using liquid targets [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], generally at relatively shallow depths. The deepest dedicated study to date was performed on data taken with the Liquid Scintillator Detector (LSD detector), which was filled with liquid scintillator and located at a depth of 5200 meters water equivalent (m.w.e.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmogenic neutron production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Aharmim¹,

Ahmed²,

Anthony³

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. D

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Neutrons produced in nuclear interactions initiated by cosmic-ray muons present an irreducible background to many rare-event searches, even in detectors located deep underground. Models for the production of these neutrons have been tested against previous experimental data, but the extrapolation to deeper sites is not well understood. Here we report results from an analysis of cosmogenically produced neutrons at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. A specific set of observables are presented, which can be used to benchmark the validity of GEANT4 physics models. In addition, the cosmogenic neutron yield, in units of 10 −4 cm 2 =ðg • μÞ, is measured to be 7.28 AE 0.09ðstatÞ þ1.59 −1.12 ðsystÞ in pure heavy water and 7.30 AE 0.07ðstatÞ þ1.40 −1.02 ðsystÞ in NaCl-loaded heavy water. These results provide unique insights into this potential background source for experiments at SNOLAB.

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“…[34,35]. These discrepancies result in the differences of 10–30% between the different spectra models [23] and between the expected and measured fluxes [31,36,37]. The refining of muon spectra parametrization using world data could improve the accuracy of the calculated flux.The detector effect: This depends on the applied technology (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the limits of high-definition muography for observation of Mt Sakurajima

Oláh

Tanaka

Hamar

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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A multi-wire proportional chamber-based muo- graphy observatory is under development for the monitoring of the internal structure of Mt Sakurajima in Kyushu, Japan. We investigated the limits of large-scale and high-definition muography. We adjusted the parameters of a modified Gaisser model and found that the spectral index of γ = − 2.64 and normalization factor of C = 0.66 reproduce more accurately the measured fluxes than the original parameters at large thickness. A thickness and zenith angle-dependent correction is suggested to the measured muon flux due to the energy cut which is introduced to suppress the background particles. The multiple scattering of muons was simulated across the standard rock and sea-level atmosphere up to the distance of 5 km. We found that multiple scattering decreases from 10 mrad to 4 mrad across the rock due to the decrease in the steepness of muon spectra. The multiple scattering falls down to about 2 mrad after the object in the atmosphere due to the increase in observed arrival zenith angles. The 2 m2 sized multi-wire proportional chamber-based Muographic Observation System (MMOS) was operating between February and June 2018. Three tracking systems operated reliably with tracking efficiencies of above 95%. The muon flux has been measured correctly down to 10−3 m−2 sr−1 s−1. The average density map of Mt Sakurajima has been measured with angular resolution of 12 mrad × 12 mrad (spatial resolution of 34 m × 34 m from the distance of 2.8 km). The average density values were found between 1.4 and 2 g cm−3, except at the crater regions where lower densities were observed.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.

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Measurement of cosmic-ray muons and muon-induced neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Cosmogenic neutron production at Daya Bay

Cosmogenic neutron production at Daya Bay

Cosmogenic neutron production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Investigation of the limits of high-definition muography for observation of Mt Sakurajima

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