Measurement of chronic toxicity using the opossum shrimpMysidopsis bahia

Reduced growth and reproductive potential are common sublethal stress responses. Bioenergetic alterations as evidenced by scope for growth or O:N ratio measurements are also sensitive sublethal stress responses for certain animals. The O:N ratio, which is the ratio of oxygen consumed to nitrogen excreted in atomic equivalents, reflects the relative utilization of protein in energy metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether concentration‐dependent alterations in the O:N ratio for mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) could be detected at various times during a life‐cycle toxicity test and to assess the utility of this index for diagnosing bioenergetic responses that result in reduced growth and reproductive inhibition. Juvenile M. bahia were exposed to cadmium (CdCl2) in a continuous‐flow proportional diluter system. The exposure concentrations were monitored routinely throughout the test and varied less than ±10% from the nominal concentrations. The O:N ratio measurements were made at 4, 10 and 18 d of exposure. Dry weights and cadmium body burdens of individual mysids were made at day 18 and day 33, the termination of the test. Significant alterations in the O:N ratio were evident by 4 d and indicated a shift toward lipid utilization with increasing cadmium concentration. Growth was significantly reduced in the lowest concentration (4 ppb) at 18 d and a linear concentration‐dependent increase in the cadmium body burden was observed at the termination of the test. These results suggest that alterations in the O:N ratio are a sensitive and early diagnostic index for detecting sublethal stress responses. We feel that this approach could be used in place of the standard life‐cycle toxicity test for determining the concentration of a toxicant at which no effect on growth and reproductive processes will occur.

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Bioenergetic alterations correlated with growth, fecundity and body burden of cadmium for mysids (Mysidopsis bahia)

Carr

Williams

Saksa

et al. 1985

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Techniques for the laboratory culture of mysidopsis species (crustacea: Mysidacea)

Lussier

Kuhn

Chammas

et al. 1988

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate existing techniques for culturing three species of the genus Mysidopsis that are routinely used as toxicity test organisms. A comparison of the life history, ecology and distribution of M. bahia, M. bigelowi and M. almyra is presented. Culture systems are described, supplemental foods are suggested, and guidelines are given for salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and nitrogen levels that will maintain optimum laboratory culture conditions. Methods are outlined for harvesting juveniles and controlling contaminant organisms, and general feeding procedures are described. Culture management is stressed as the most significant factor in maintaining productive mysid cultures. Specific recommendations are made regarding culture density, harvesting frequency, sex ratio and introduction of feral animals.

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Experimental evaluation of the mysid Holmesimysis costata as a test organism for effluent toxicity testing

Martin

Hunt

Anderson

et al. 1989

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the mysid crustacean Holmesimysis costata as a test organism for routine complex effluent toxicity testing. Three‐day‐old juvenile mysids, hatched in the laboratory from field‐collected gravid females, were used in repetitive 48‐h and 96‐h mortality tests. With zinc sulfate as a reference toxicant, mean 96‐h LC50 and no observed effect concentration (NOEC) values for Holmesimysis were 97 and 56 μg/L, respectively, lower than previously reported values for other crustacea. Different laboratories conducting the 96‐h mortality test with Holmesimysis produced significantly different results in one trial, but results from different laboratories were not significantly different in the second trial. Coefficients of variation between laboratories for LC50s and NOECs were 24 and 33%, respectively, in the first trial, and 25 and 1%, respectively, in the second trial. Juvenile mysids aged 3, 5, 7 and 9 d old responded similarly to zinc exposure, though control mortality differed among these groups. Gravid female mysids were less sensitive, and 1‐d‐old mysids had high control mortality; neither group was suitable for toxicity testing. The NOEC for zinc effects on growth was 18 μg/L in a 7‐d experiment. LC50 and NOEC values for copper were 27 and <11 μg/L (the lowest concentration tested), respectively. Effluents from four municipal sewage treatment plants (primary through secondary) produced LC50s ranging from 4.5 to 64.0% effluent, and NOECs ranging from 1.0 to 32% effluent, depending on the level of effluent treatment.

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Measurement of chronic toxicity using the opossum shrimpMysidopsis bahia

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Bioenergetic alterations correlated with growth, fecundity and body burden of cadmium for mysids (Mysidopsis bahia)

Bioenergetic alterations correlated with growth, fecundity and body burden of cadmium for mysids (Mysidopsis bahia)

Techniques for the laboratory culture of mysidopsis species (crustacea: Mysidacea)

Experimental evaluation of the mysid Holmesimysis costata as a test organism for effluent toxicity testing

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