Measurement of cardiac output by thermal-dilution and direct Fick methods in dogs.

Khalil, Hassan H.; Richardson, Travis Q.; Guyton, Arthur C.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1966.21.3.1131

Cited by 36 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…; DYSON et al, 1985), dogs ( KHALIL et al, 1966;SANMARCO et al, 1971; GANZ and SWAN, 1972;WEISEL et al, 1975 a;MOODIE et al, 1978), lambs (KUIPERS et al, 1982), pigs (SORENSEN et a]., 1975; KUWAHARA et al, 1988), infants (WYSE et al, 1975CALLAGHAN et al, 1976), adult humans ( SLEEPER et al, 1962;BRANTHWAITE and BRADLEY, 1968;OLSSON et al, 1970;GANZ et al, 1971; GANZ and SWAN, 1972;WEISEL et al, 1975 b;BERGER et al, 1976;KOHANNA and CUNNINGHAM, 1977), and horses (FEGLER, 1954;MUIR et al, 1976).…”

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Validation of the Thermodilution Technique for the Estimation of the Cardiac Output in the Unsedated Calf

Amory

Lindén

Desmecht

et al. 1991

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Summary The purpose of this study was to establish a standardized protocol in order to obtain accurate and reproducible cardiac output (CO) measurements by the thermodilution technique in the unsedated calf. In 5 healthy calves, the effect of various temperatures, volumes, rates, means and sites of injection of the thermal indicator were tested for their effect on accuracy and reproducibility of CO measurement by the thermodilution technique, the Fick method being used as the standard technique. Five milliliters of an iced 5% dextrose solution per 100 kg body weight constituted the correct amount of thermal indicator. Manual injection of the indicator bolus and/or injection of this bolus through the proximal lumen of a thermodilution Swan‐Ganz catheter gave poor results of CO measurements by the thermodilution technique. On the other hand, results of CO measurements were highly reliable when the bolus injection was performed by an ECG‐synchronized injection pump and/or through a right atrial catheter with a larger diameter and a shorter length than the classical Swan‐Ganz catheter. It was concluded that an iced 5% solution of dextrose (5 ml/100 kg body weight) injectated through a right atrial catheter by an ECG‐synchronized pump gives the most accurate and reproducible CO measurements by the thermodilution technique in unsedated calves.

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Validation of the Thermodilution Technique for the Estimation of the Cardiac Output in the Unsedated Calf

Amory

Lindén

Desmecht

et al. 1991

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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“…The recording of the TD curve has been obtained in the pulmonary artery [3-6, 9, 23] or in a systemic artery [4-6, 9, 12, 13]. Others have used a constant infusion technique [19,22] or a constant heat addition to the blood for the measurement [15,16], Comparison between CO determination by TD and dye dilution (DD) have been reported [5. 6, 8, 9] as well as with the Fick method [3.…”

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Validity and Reproducibility of Determination of Cardiac Output by Thermodilution in Man

et al. 1970

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A thermodilution technique using a dual thermistor catheter introduced in the pulmonary artery was used for the determination of cardiac output at rest in 12 patients and for the same measurement during exercise in 6 patients with valvular disease. The correlation coefficient between thermodilution and the dye dilution technique is 0.98. The precision of the method assessed by multiple repeated determinations is 7.5% at rest and 6.9% during mild exercise. The reproducibility at rest indicates that a steady state has been maintained in an acceptable way. In one case of tricuspid insufficiency it was not possible to evaluate the cardiac output.

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“…The regression equation for 47 experiments was found to be COrd = 0.95 COnek + 0.08; the correlation coefficient was 0.94.The thermal dilution method for estimating cardiac output, introduced by Fegler (5), is commonly used both in man (2,8,17) and animals (10,14,15,20,21). The purpose of this study was to validate in dog experiments a method for thermal dilution measurement which employs a double-thermistor catheter combined with an automatic computer as described by 01sson et al Dilution and injectate temperature are entered directly into the calculation.…”

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“…The thermal dilution method for estimating cardiac output, introduced by Fegler (5), is commonly used both in man (2,8,17) and animals (10,14,15,20,21). Pulmonary detection and right atrial injection of indicator is usually preferred over other injection and detection sites (13, 24); proper mixing of the indicator over the short distance is achieved by the mechanical action of the right ventricle (22).…”

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Thermal dilution measurement of cardiac output in dogs using an analog computer

1978

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Thermal dilution cardiac output determinations in dogs were compared to simultaneously performed Fick oxygen measurements. The purpose of this study was to validate in dog experiments a method for thermal dilution measurement which employs a double-thermistor catheter combined with an automatic computer as described by Olsson et al. Dilution and injectate temperature are entered directly into the calculation. The method does not employ logarithmic extrapolation, integration of the dilution signal being terminated when a preset cut-off level is reached. Errors due to recirculation, thermal capacitance of the right heart and heat exchange with the catheter's dead space require the use of an empirically derived correction factor, which in dogs was found to be significantly different from the factor used for human thermal dilution curves. With the appropriate cut-off level and correction factor a good agreement was found between the results of the thermal dilution and the Fick method. The regression equation for 47 experiments was found to be COtd = 0.95 COFick + 0.08; the correlation coefficient was 0.94.

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Measurement of cardiac output by thermal-dilution and direct Fick methods in dogs.

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Validation of the Thermodilution Technique for the Estimation of the Cardiac Output in the Unsedated Calf

Validation of the Thermodilution Technique for the Estimation of the Cardiac Output in the Unsedated Calf

Validity and Reproducibility of Determination of Cardiac Output by Thermodilution in Man

Thermal dilution measurement of cardiac output in dogs using an analog computer

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