Measurement of bullet impact conditions using automated in-flight photography system

Decker, Ryan; Duca, Marco; Spickert-Fulton, Shawn

doi:10.1016/j.dt.2017.04.004

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…There are studies related to shooting in the military field for the measurement and identification of the small-caliber bullets orientation before it reaches the impact surface [17], and the use of acoustic location techniques of shooting to be able to identify the shooter [8]. In the forensic field, images of potential residues of particles from the shooting, taken with a hyperspectral camera, are analyzed in order to identify automatically through the use of machine learning algorithms the existence of samples of these residues [12].…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bullet Impact Detection in Silhouettes Using Mask R-CNN

Vilchez

Mauricio

2020

IEEE Access

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The bullet impact detection in the silhouette plays an important role in the institutions which have a shooting range, specially where are regulated the license to carry a gun and where the evaluation manual process could present distortion in the ability's evaluation of the shooter and like a consequence the license's issuance. This paper proposes a method for an automatic detection of the bullet impacts in silhouettes based on deep learning and image processing, which consist of the following steps: preprocessing, impacts detection, edge detection and evaluation results. The experiments about 600 silhouettes with 2401 bullet impacts images of the proposed and implemented method considering the models Resnet 50 and Resnet 101 for Mask R-CNN show that Resnet 50 get better results than Resnet 101, achieving 97.6 %, 99.5 %, and 97.9 %, of accuracy, precision and recall, respectively, above the methods Circular Hough Transform, Circlet Detection, Random Sample Consensus, Randomized Hough Transform, Randomized Circle Detection, Support Vector Machine, Faster R-CNN, MnasNet and YOLO. Also, the results show 100 % of effectiveness in the edge detection and the count of the detected bullet impacts.INDEX TERMS Edge detection, bullet impact detection, image processing, Mask R-CNN.

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Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bullet Impact Detection in Silhouettes Using Mask R-CNN

Vilchez

Mauricio

2020

IEEE Access

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“…This is due to the decoupling of the horizontal and vertical components of the projectile movement neglecting air resistance [4]. In practice, when considering the air drag, the projectile trajectory is much more complex, spawning a rich branch of physics and engineering called exterior ballistics [4,5]. This branch deals with the movement of projectiles after leaving the barrel, and accounts for the variety of forces exerted on and dynamics affecting the shell or shot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are additional factors, such as the shape of the shell, the angle of attack, wind, and the influence of Coriolis' force [6][7][8][9][10]. The purpose of this work is to examine the effect of the atmosphere on a long-range shell [4][5][6]11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interweaving the Numerical Kinematic Symmetry Principles in School and Introductory University Physics Courses

et al. 2019

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The “super-gun” class of weaponry has been around for a long time. However, its unusual physics is largely ignored to this day in mainstream physics. We study an example of such a “super gun”, the “Paris gun”. We first look into the historic accounts of the firing distance of such a gun and try to reconcile it with our physical understanding of ballistics. We do this by looking into the drag component in the equations of motion for ballistic movement, which is usually neglected. The drag component of the equations of motion is the main reason for symmetry breaking in ballistics. We study ballistics for several air density profiles and discuss the results. We then proceed to look into the effects of muzzle velocity as well as mass and ground temperature on the optimal firing angle and firing range. We find that, even in the simplest case of fixed air density, the effects of including drag are far reaching. We also determine that in the “sensible” range of projectile mass, the muzzle velocity is the most important factor in determining the maximal firing range. We have found that even the simplest of complications that include air density, shifts the optimal angle from the schoolbook’s 45-degree angle, ground temperature plays a major role. While the optimal angle changes by a mere two degrees in response to a huge change in ground temperature, the maximal distance is largely affected. Muzzle velocity is perhaps the most influential variable when working within a sensible projectile mass range. In the current essay, this principle is described and examples are provided where students can apply them. For each problem, we provide both the force consideration solution approach and the energy consideration solution approach.

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“…This aspect can lead the teaching community to a new view that can improve the student. In practice, when considering the air drag, the projectile trajectory is much more complex, spawning a rich branch of physics and engineering called exterior ballistics [4,5]. This branch deals with the movement of projectiles after leaving the barrel, and accounts for the variety of forces exerted on and dynamics affecting the shell or shot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are additional factors such as the shape of the shell, the angle of attack, wind and the influence of Coriolis' force [6][7][8][9][10]. The purpose of this work is to examine the effect of the atmosphere on a long-range shell [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The symmetry of the Paris gun: when theory is foiled by atmospheric effects

Ben-Abu¹

2019

Phys. Educ.

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The 'super-gun' class of weaponry has been around for a long time. However, its unusual physics has been largely by mainstream physics ignored to this day. We study an example of such a 'super gun', the 'Paris gun'. We first investigate the historic accounts of the firing distance of such a gun and try to reconcile it with our physical understanding of ballistics. This is done by looking into the drag component in the equations of motion for ballistic movement, which is usually neglected, for several air density profiles, later discussing the results. It is found that even the simplest of complications that includes air density, shifts the optimal angle from the schoolbook's 45° angle, ground temperature also plays a major role. While the optimal angle changes by a mere 2° in response to a huge change in ground temperature, the maximal distance is largely affected. Muzzle velocity is perhaps the most influential variable when working within a sensible projectile mass range. This manuscript thus provides a paradigm for future studies and should thus be of interest to a wide readership.

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Measurement of bullet impact conditions using automated in-flight photography system

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Bullet Impact Detection in Silhouettes Using Mask R-CNN

Bullet Impact Detection in Silhouettes Using Mask R-CNN

Interweaving the Numerical Kinematic Symmetry Principles in School and Introductory University Physics Courses

The symmetry of the Paris gun: when theory is foiled by atmospheric effects

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