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Cecil, F. E.; Liu, H.; Yan, JS; Hale, G. M.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.47.1178

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The 2 H(d,n) 3 He reaction could simultaneously be observed by detecting the 3 He recoil nuclei. The ratio of the total reaction yields of both mirror reactions for the three metal targets (Al, Zr, Ta) was found to be very close to one, which agrees with the parametrization of Brown and Jarmie [11] and with the experimental results achieved by Cecil et al [14] and by Greife et al [6].…”

Section: Due To Electron Screening the Function Y(e) Will Decrease Wsupporting

confidence: 80%

Enhancement of the electron screening effect for d + d fusion reactions in metallic environments

et al. 2001

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Abstract. -To study the electron screening of nuclear reactions in metallic environments, angular distributions and thick target yields of the fusion reactions 2 H(d,p) 3 H and 2 H(d,n) 3 He have been measured on deuterons implanted in three different metal targets (Al, Zr and Ta) for beam energies ranging from 5 to 60 keV. The experimentally determined values of the screening energy are about one order of magnitude larger than the value achieved in a gas target experiment and significantly larger than the theoretical predictions. A clear target material dependence of the screening energy has been established.Introduction. -At sufficiently low projectile energies an enhancement of the cross-section for charged-particle-induced nuclear reactions can be observed. This is due to the shielding of the charges of reacting nuclei by surrounding electrons which leads to an increase of the Coulomb barrier penetrability and enhances the measured cross-section in comparison to the bare nuclei case. This effect, known as electron screening, was originally discussed for the dense plasma in the interior of stars [1], where, due to screening, the nuclear-reaction rates can be increased by many orders of magnitude. For laboratory thermonuclear reactions, the screening effect was predicted [2] and experimentally verified for several light nuclear systems [3].In the simplest picture, the enhancement of the cross-section results from the gain of electronic binding energy (called screening energy U e ) which can be transferred to the relative motion of the colliding nuclei. In an adiabatic limit, i.e. with velocities v nuclear v electron , this energy shift can be treated as constant. Consequently, the enhancement factor f defined as the ratio between the cross-sections for screened and bare nuclei can be calculated as follows [2]:

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Section: Due To Electron Screening the Function Y(e) Will Decrease Wsupporting

confidence: 80%

Enhancement of the electron screening effect for d + d fusion reactions in metallic environments

et al. 2001

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“…The resulting ratios R(E) are summarized in Table 3 at low energies were also reported by Cecil et al [24], the results of which are also displayed in Fig. la.…”

Section: R (E) = a (D N)/a (D P)~mentioning

confidence: 65%

Oppenheimer-Phillips effect and electron screening ind+ d fusion reactions

Greife

Gorris

Junker

et al. 1995

Z. Physik A - Hadrons and Nuclei

168

130

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Abstract. The d(d,n)3He and d(d,p)t fusion reactionshave been studied at center-of-mass energies E = 1.6 to 130 keV using intense beam currents from 30, 100, and 450 kV accelerators in combination with detectors in close and far geometry. The cross sesction ratio, (d,p), approaches unity (within 2%) at low energies; thus there is no experimental evidence for the Oppenheimer-Phillips effect at subcoulomb energies. R(E)=a(d,n)/cr The cross sections of d(d,p)t at E<10 keV show clearevidence for electron screening effects. However, the observed cross section enhancement is significantly larger than can be accounted for from available atomic physics models.

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“…Plasma discharges offer ways to study and potentially control conditions that can affect electron screening, such as ion dose rates and defect density in the target. With increased understanding of electron screening effects, proposed (sub)-threshold resonances and changes in branching ratios can become accessible using plasma discharges at low reaction energies for a series of nuclear reactions that are relevant for nuclear astrophysics and stellar environments [1,14,40,41]. Compact, high current plasma discharge devices also enable parametric studies of materials relevant for our understanding of plasma-wall interactions in fusion reactors, complementing efforts conducted with large plasma devices [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of light ion fusion reactions with plasma discharges

Schenkel

Persaud

Wang

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Physics

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The scaling of reaction yields in light ion fusion to low reaction energies is important for our understanding of stellar fuel chains and the development of future energy technologies. Experiments become progressively more challenging at lower reaction energies due to the exponential drop of fusion cross sections below the Coulomb barrier. We report on experiments where deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion reactions are studied in a pulsed plasma in the glow discharge regime using a benchtop apparatus. We model plasma conditions using particle-in-cell codes. Advantages of this approach are relatively high peak ion currents and current densities (0.1 to several A/cm 2 ) that can be applied to metal wire cathodes for several days. We detect neutrons from D-D reactions with scintillator-based detectors. For palladium targets, we find neutron yields as a function of cathode voltage that are over 100 times higher than yields expected for bare nuclei fusion at ion energies below 2 keV (center of mass frame). A possible explanation is a correction to the ion energy due to an electron screening potential of 1000±250 eV, which increases the probability for tunneling through the repulsive Coulomb barrier. Our compact, robust setup enables parametric studies of this effect at relatively low reaction energies.

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Measurement of branching ratios of low energy deuteron-induced nuclear reactions onH2,

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Enhancement of the electron screening effect for d + d fusion reactions in metallic environments

Enhancement of the electron screening effect for d + d fusion reactions in metallic environments

Oppenheimer-Phillips effect and electron screening ind+ d fusion reactions

Investigation of light ion fusion reactions with plasma discharges

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