Measurement of Atmospheric Formaldehyde and Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons using Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy during Winter and Summer Intensive Periods in Seoul, Korea

Lee, Chulkyu; Kim, Young-Joon; Hong, Sang-Bum; Lee, Hanlim; Jung, Jinsang; Choi, Yeo Jin; Park, Jungeun; Kim, Ki‐Hyun; Lee, Jai-Hoon; Chun, Ki-Joon; Kim, Hyunho

doi:10.1007/s11270-005-7308-6

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The diurnal variation found in the present study is similar to that of the HCHO mixing ratio near the ground seen in the MAX-DOAS and Long-Path DOAS (LP-DOAS) measurements in Seoul and Beijing [52][53][54]. However, Pang et al [55] and Rappenglück et al [56] reported high HCHO levels at noon and low HCHO levels in the morning from the Houston-Galveston Airshed (HGA) and Southern China, which are different from the diurnal characteristics found in Seoul in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Biogenic species, especially isoprene, may also influence the seasonal HCHO pattern in Seoul. The monthly and seasonal HCHO patterns in Seoul are similar to those reported previously [52,53] in studies carried out in urban areas. Figure 9 shows a scatter plot of the monthly Pandora and OMI HCHO VCD levels from Seoul between 2012 and 2014.…”

Section: Hcho Vcd Retrieval In Seoul Using Pandorasupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, Pang et al [55] and Rappenglück et al [56] reported high HCHO levels at noon and low HCHO levels in the morning from the Houston-Galveston Airshed (HGA) and Southern China, which are different from the diurnal characteristics found in Seoul in the present study. As discussed by Lee et al [52], the different diurnal variations of HCHO seen among various urban areas might be related to differences in the HCHO sources and loss mechanisms at each site. These high-in-summer, low-in-winter patterns found in both Pandora and OMI HCHO VCD values in Seoul are similar to those reported by Lee et al [52] and Pang et al [53] carried out in Seoul and Beijing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…An increase in HCHO VCD is also evident in Figure 7 sometime in the afternoon for all seasons except winter, but the specific time varies with the season (i.e., 2:00 p.m. in spring, 3:00 p.m. in summer, and 1:00 p.m. in autumn). These increases in all seasons except winter can be attributed to the photolysis of VOCs and hydrocarbon photo-oxidation by the OH • radical and ozone [52]. However, there is no peak on winter afternoons, possibly due to the weak UV solar radiation at that time, even in the afternoon, and an increase in wind speed compared with the summer.…”

Section: Hcho Precision Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, previous studies [55,56] have reported high HCHO levels at noon and low HCHO levels in the morning from the Houston-Galveston Airshed (HGA) and Southern China, which are opposite to the diurnal pattern found in Seoul in this study. As discussed in [52], the different diurnal variations of HCHO seen among various urban areas might be related to differences in the HCHO sources and loss mechanisms at each site. (Figure 8a) and seasonally averaged (Figure 8b) variations in the Pandora HCHO VCD and OMI HCHO VCD from Seoul during the study period when both OMI HCHO column and Pandora HCHO data are available, and the error bars represent the calculated HCHO VCD uncertainties for each measurement.…”

Section: Hcho Vcd Retrieval In Seoul Using Pandoramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrieval Accuracy of HCHO Vertical Column Density from Ground-Based Direct-Sun Measurement and First HCHO Column Measurement Using Pandora

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In the present study, we investigate the effects of signal to noise (SNR), slit function (FWHM), and aerosol optical depth (AOD) on the accuracy of formaldehyde (HCHO) vertical column density (HCHO VCD ) using the ground-based direct-sun synthetic radiance based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). We found that the effect of SNR on HCHO retrieval accuracy is larger than those of FWHM and AOD. When SNR = 650 (1300), FWHM = 0.6, and AOD = 0.2, the absolute percentage difference (APD) between the true HCHO VCD values and those retrieved ranges from 54 (30%) to 5% (1%) for the HCHO VCD of 5.0 × 10 15 and 1.1 × 10 17 molecules cm −2 , respectively. Interestingly, the maximum AOD effect on the HCHO accuracy was found for the HCHO VCD of 3.0 × 10 16 molecules cm −2 . In addition, we carried out the first ground-based direct-sun measurements in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range to retrieve the HCHO VCD using Pandora in Seoul. The HCHO VCD was low at 12:00 p.m. local time (LT) in all seasons, whereas it was high in the morning (10:00 a.m. LT) and late afternoon (4:00 p.m. LT), except in winter. The maximum HCHO VCD values were 2.68 × 10 16 , 3.19 × 10 16 , 2.00 × 10 16 , and 1.63 × 10 16 molecules cm −2 at 10:00 a.m. LT in spring, 10:00 a.m. LT in summer, 1:00 p.m. LT in autumn, and 9:00 a.m. LT in winter, respectively. The minimum values of Pandora HCHO VCD were 1.63 × 10 16 , 2.23 × 10 16 , 1.26 × 10 16 , and 0.82 × 10 16 molecules cm −2 at around 1:45 p.m. LT in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. This seasonal pattern of high values in summer and low values in winter implies that photo-oxidation plays an important role in HCHO production. The correlation coefficient (R) between the monthly HCHO VCD values from Pandora and those from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is 0.61, and the slope is 1.25.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Hcho Vcd Retrieval In Seoul Using Pandorasupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Hcho Precision Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Hcho Vcd Retrieval In Seoul Using Pandoramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrieval Accuracy of HCHO Vertical Column Density from Ground-Based Direct-Sun Measurement and First HCHO Column Measurement Using Pandora

et al. 2018

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The determination of ambient formaldehyde using a dual coil system and an assessment of dominant factors that influence its abundance in Korea

Hong

Kim

Jung

et al. 2007

Environ Monit Assess

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An enhanced dual coil 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization method (dual coil/DNPH) allowed the quantitative determination of formaldehyde (HCHO) in ambient air. In this method, traceable HCHO was collected using a coil sampler connected in series and lacking a long sampling tube. It was then analyzed using liquid chromatography followed by UV detection of the DNPH derivatives. The method is based on the reaction of formaldehyde with DNPH to produce 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone. The detection limits (3sigma) were 0.10-0.40 ppbv with a precision ranging from 0.84 to 4.09% RSD. The results of dual coil/DNPH and conventional DNPH cartridge methods were generally well correlated: HCHO (dual coil/DNPH)=0.97 (+/-0.13) vs. HCHO (DNPH Cartridge)+0.33 (+/-0.33), r=0.82. The dual coil/DNPH method was used to measure gaseous HCHO in the atmosphere of Metropolitan Seoul during the summer 2000 and 2001, and in Gwangju during the fall of 2001 and 2002. The daytime mean concentration of HCHO was 4.52 (+/-5.69) and 3.21 (+/-1.27) ppbv in Metropolitan Seoul for 10-12 August 2000 and 29-31 May 2001, respectively, and 1.73 (+/-0.98), 3.04 (+/-2.25), 2.70 (+/-1.70), and 2.01 (+/-2.28) ppbv in Gwangju City during 22-27 September 2001, 17-24 October 2001, 9-13 October 2002, and 28 October to 2 November 2002, respectively. The HCHO in Seoul from 10-12 August 2000 was mainly the result of photochemical processes, while direct emissions from vehicles and long-range transport of air from China contributed during 29-31 May 2001. During 22-27 September 2001, 17-24 October 2001, and 9-13 October 2002 in Gwangju, the HCHO came primarily from photochemical processes, although some air affected by biomass burning admixed in the late afternoon. The increase in the HCHO concentration on 20 October 2001 and from 28 October to 2 November 2002 was attributed mainly to direct emissions from biomass burning in farmland near the measurement site.

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High precision measurement of formaldehyde in air with differential optical absorption spectroscopy

Peng

Xie

Lin

et al. 2007

Optoelectron. Lett.

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The formaldehyde (HCHO) measurement is described by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique and the data processing method is discussed in detail, including the selection of retrieval wavelength band, the removing of interfering structures, the steps of data processing and the spectrum dealing with nonlinear method. The HCHO concentration retrieved in different wavelength bands were compared, including relative error, repeatability and detection limit. As a result, the band from 314 to 332 nm was most suitable for the retrieval of HCHO. With these methods, high measurement precision of 1.9% was obtained and the detection limit of HCHO is less than 1.5 ppb. In addition, high linear relativity 0.9999 is achieved by measuring five different concentrations of HCHO with this system.where I( ), I 0 ( ) are the light intensities with and without absorption by pollutants, L is the length of the light path, c i ( ) is the average concentration of species i at wavelength , i ( ) is the absorption cross section of gas species. The detail can be referred to reference [5].Besides HCHO, SO 2 , NO 2 and O 3 have differential absorption structures in the investigated spectral region (280 -360 nm) with absorption intensities about 10 times higher than that of HCHO, as shown in Fig.1 [4] . Since the concentrations of these gases are usually much higher than that of HCHO, the elimination errors of these absorptions affect the retrieval of HCHO concentration directly. In addition, Xenon emission lines (corresponding to an OD' -3.2 %, -8 ‰ Fig.1 The differential cross-section spectra of O 3 HCHO, SO 2 and NO 2 (with spectral resolution(FWHM): 0.25 nmQuantitative determination of formaldehyde (HCHO) in the air is important not only for the health perspective but also for the role it plays in atmospheric chemistry [1,2] . HCHO constitutes the most abundant carbonyl in ambient air, having its origins both from direct emissions and photochemical reactions, generally through the oxidation of hydrocarbons in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO 2 ). Formaldehyde represents an important indicator of atmospheric photochemical reactivity and can act as precursor to organic aerosol formation in urban air [3] . UV-differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) method is receiving growing interest due to its low maintenance [4,5] for the real-time HCHO monitoring. HCHO can be detected by DOAS using three strong bands of the (A 1 A 2 X 1 A 1 ) transition in the near UV region from about 300 up to 347 nm [4] . This paper described the HCHO measurement by DOAS technique and discussed the data processing method in detail, including the selection of measurement wavelength band, the removing of interfering structures, the steps of data processing and the spectrum dealing with nonlinear method.The DOAS technique is based on the variation of BeerLambert's law. The trace gas concentration c i can be calculated by introducing a column optical depth D( ) for a given wavelength [5] :

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Measurement of Atmospheric Formaldehyde and Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons using Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy during Winter and Summer Intensive Periods in Seoul, Korea

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Retrieval Accuracy of HCHO Vertical Column Density from Ground-Based Direct-Sun Measurement and First HCHO Column Measurement Using Pandora

Retrieval Accuracy of HCHO Vertical Column Density from Ground-Based Direct-Sun Measurement and First HCHO Column Measurement Using Pandora

The determination of ambient formaldehyde using a dual coil system and an assessment of dominant factors that influence its abundance in Korea

High precision measurement of formaldehyde in air with differential optical absorption spectroscopy

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