Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon Concentration in Rural and Urban Environments: Cases of Lamto and Abidjan

Kouassi, Adjon A.; Doumbia, Madina; Silué, Siélé; Yao, Eric M.; Dajuma, Alima; Adon, M.; N’Datchoh, Evelyne Touré; Yoboue, Véronique

doi:10.4236/jep.2021.1211050

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The high BC and high correlation between BC and PM2.5 suggest that this site is influenced by traffic emissions. 35 A study by Gnamien measured similar EC levels of 3.2 ± 1.7 µg/m 3 and EC composed 18.2% of PM2.5 in Abidjan. 36 Kouassi reported daily BC at Abidjan was 5.31 ± 2.5 µg/m 3 in 2018.…”

Section: Bc and Bc:pm25 Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…36 Kouassi reported daily BC at Abidjan was 5.31 ± 2.5 µg/m 3 in 2018. 37 Abidjan experiences four major seasons in a year, namely the great dry season (December to March), the great rainy season (April -July), the small dry season, (August -September), and the small rainy season (October -November) 35 . Our measurements include one month each for wet (July) and dry (August) season.…”

Section: Bc and Bc:pm25 Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Cost Hourly Ambient Black Carbon Measurements at Multiple Cities in Africa

Anand,

Touré,

Bahino

et al. 2024

Preprint

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There is a notable lack of continuous monitoring of air pollutants in the Global South, especially for measuring chemical composition, due to high cost of regulatory monitors. Using our previously developed low-cost method to quantify black carbon (BC) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by analyzing reflected red light from ambient particle deposits on glass fiber filters, we estimated hourly ambient BC concentrations with filter tapes from Beta Attenuation Monitors (BAMs). BC measurements obtained through this method were validated against a reference aethalometer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, demonstrating a very strong agreement (R2 = 0.95 and slope = 0.97). We present hourly BC for three cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and one in North America: Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire), Accra (Ghana), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), and Pittsburgh (USA). The average BC for the measurement period at the Abidjan, Accra, Addis Ababa Central summer, Addis Ababa Central winter, Addis Ababa Jacros winter and Pittsburgh sites were 3.85 µg.m-3, 5.33 µg.m-3, 5.63 µg.m-3, 3.89 µg.m-3, 9.14 µg.m-3 and 0.52 µg.m-3, respectively. BC made up 14 – 20% of PM2.5 mass in the African cities, compared to only 5.6% in Pittsburgh. The hourly BC data at these sites show a pronounced diurnal pattern with prominent peaks during the morning and evening rush hours on workdays. Comparison between our measurements and the Goddard Earth Observing System composition forecast (GEOS-CF) estimates shows that the model performs well in predicting PM2.5 for most sites but struggles to predict BC at an hourly resolution. Adding more ground measurements could help calibrate and improve performance of chemical transport models. This method can potentially use existing BAM networks, especially BAMs at US embassies around the globe, to measure hourly BC with our method. The PM2.5 composition data, thus acquired, can be crucial in identifying emission sources and help in effective policymaking in the Global South.

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Section: Bc and Bc:pm25 Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Bc and Bc:pm25 Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Hourly Ambient Black Carbon Measurements at Multiple Cities in Africa

Anand,

Touré,

Bahino

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Carbonaceous aerosol (CA) refers to the presence of carbon-based particles, either in solid or liquid form, that are spread in the atmosphere. In urban areas, the levels of these components are generally higher compared to those in rural areas, especially Elemental Carbon (EC) and soot-EC, mostly because of the substantial impact of human-produced emissions [3,4]. The carbon components are categorized 2 of 17 into two primary types, namely organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), based on their chemical, optical, and thermal properties [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP)-Bound Carbonaceous Components in a Roadside Area in Eastern Indonesia

Amin,

Ramadhani,

Zakaria

et al. 2024

Urban Science

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To evaluate carbonaceous components in the ambient air in the eastern region of Indonesia, 35 Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP) samples were collected on four characteristic roadsides on Sultan Alauddin Street, in Makassar City, using a high-volume air sampler. The average TSP concentration was 279.7 μg/m3, which exceeded both the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of Indonesia and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The highest concentration reached 838.6 μg/m3 in the GR (gravel) site, which had the highest number of vehicles and was near a U-turn. TSP concentration was higher during peak hours (morning and late afternoon) than off-peak hours (noon). The main component of the total carbon (TC) fraction was organic carbon (OC), which showed a strong correlation with elemental carbon (EC) (r values for the morning, noon, and late afternoon were 0.89, 0.87, and 0.97, respectively), indicating that the carbon components were derived from common sources. TSP had a strong correlation with carbon components, except for char-EC. OC vs. soot-EC and EC vs. soot-EC also correlated well, suggesting the dominant influence of vehicle exhaust emissions. Non-exhaust emissions had a slight influence during peak hours, particularly at the GR site.

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“…Black carbon (BC), often referred to as soot, is a form of air pollution made up of tiny particulate matter (PM2.5) generated by partially burnt carbonated substances such as biomass, biofuels, and fossil fuels [1,2]. The burning of agricultural and biological waste, the use of coal, oil, and other fossil fuels by humans, and vehicle exhaust emissions have all caused a rapid increase in the concentration of BC aerosols in the atmosphere during the industrial revolution [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between the Concentrations of Black Carbon and some Meteorological Parameters Over Iraq using GIS Techniques

Wahab,

Hassan,

Al-Timimi

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Black carbon is a significant cause of global warming, and anthropogenic activity along with weather conditions affects its long-term variability. Numerous regional and socioeconomic factors have influenced the distribution of Black Carbon (BC) concentration. In this work, monthly black carbon remote sensing data were used to interpolate the yearly regional distributions of black carbon concentrations in order to investigate the link between black carbon concentrations and climatic factors and their spatial variance in Iraq during the period (1980 to 2022). The correlation coefficient between black carbon and several climatic variables, such as precipitation, temperature, wind speed, and pressure, has been calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient model. The findings also revealed that pressure has the strongest relationship with BC, with substantial positive correlations of more than 0.7 extending from the northeast through the centre to the extreme southeast. It becomes evident to us that the relationships between small particles and meteorological variables vary depending on the areas, the topography, the local climate, human and natural variances, and weather variations.

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Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon Concentration in Rural and Urban Environments: Cases of Lamto and Abidjan

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Low-Cost Hourly Ambient Black Carbon Measurements at Multiple Cities in Africa

Low-Cost Hourly Ambient Black Carbon Measurements at Multiple Cities in Africa

Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP)-Bound Carbonaceous Components in a Roadside Area in Eastern Indonesia

Relationship Between the Concentrations of Black Carbon and some Meteorological Parameters Over Iraq using GIS Techniques

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