Measurement of abnormal bone composition in vivo using noninvasive Raman spectroscopy

Buckley, Kevin; Kerns, Jemma G.; Gikas, Panagiotis D.; Birch, Helen; Vinton, Jacqueline; Keen, Richard; Parker, Anthony W.; Matousek, Pavel; Goodship, Allen E.

doi:10.1038/bonekey.2014.97

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The assessment would however be restricted to superficial areas, due to the (very) low penetration depth of light in hard tissues such as bone. For instance, it has been shown that Raman spectroscopy can be performed on bone transcutaneously [88,89,94,95], whereas application of SHG in vivo in tissues underneath the skin is possible through the use of endomicroscopes [294,295], which can in addition preserve the laser polarization and, thus, also enable pSHG imaging [296,297]. Therefore, the use of PRS and ( p)SHG for the in vivo assessment of the ultrastructural organization of bone can be envisaged in the future.…”

Section: In Vivo Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is often combined with composition analysis [90,91], which is an inherent capability of Raman spectroscopes to provide properties that determine different bone quality [92] and other clinically relevant [88,93] properties. Because of the attention Raman spectroscopy has been gaining as an in vivo imaging modality [88,89,94,95], and the advances that have been made in recent years in the tools to characterize mineralized collagen fibril orientation, Raman spectroscopy/imaging can be expected to become a common tool to characterize bone ultrastructure organization in the near future.…”

Section: Polarized Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast with linear PLM, Raman spectroscopy offers the advantage that the orientation in the plane perpendicular to the light path can be deduced unambiguously as there is no analyser in the experimental set-up. In addition, Raman spectroscopy is performed in reflection mode, meaning that it can be used to analyse a sample without the need to section it, even in vivo [87], and can reach the bone under the skin [88,89]. On the other hand, Raman experiments are much more time-consuming (acquisition of one spectrum typically needs tens of seconds, except if coherent Raman scattering is employed [61]), and offer a lower spatial resolution of approximately 1 mm compared with that of PLM (approx.…”

Section: Polarized Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Georgiadis

Müller

Schneider

2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

113

100

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Bone's remarkable mechanical properties are a result of its hierarchical structure. The mineralized collagen fibrils, made up of collagen fibrils and crystal platelets, are bone's building blocks at an ultrastructural level. The organization of bone's ultrastructure with respect to the orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils has been the matter of numerous studies based on a variety of imaging techniques in the past decades. These techniques either exploit physical principles, such as polarization, diffraction or scattering to examine bone ultrastructure orientation and arrangement, or directly image the fibrils at the sub-micrometre scale. They make use of diverse probes such as visible light, X-rays and electrons at different scales, from centimetres down to nanometres. They allow imaging of bone sections or surfaces in two dimensions or investigating bone tissue truly in three dimensions, in vivo or ex vivo, and sometimes in combination with in situ mechanical experiments. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss this broad range of imaging techniques and the different modalities of their use, in order to discuss their advantages and limitations for the assessment of bone ultrastructure organization with respect to the orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils.

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Section: In Vivo Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polarized Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polarized Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Georgiadis

Müller

Schneider

2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

113

100

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“…This is a major drawback as it has been shown that collagen plays an essential role in determining the structural properties of the bone matrix. 1,2 In addition, ionizing radiation can become an issue if radiation exposure accumulates after numerous scans (not uncommon to monitor the effects of pharmaceutical treatment of bone conditions, as e.g. bisphosphonates prescribed in the case of osteoporosis).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of photon migration for subsurface probing in selected types of bone using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy

Sowoidnich

Churchwell

Buckley

et al. 2016

Biophotonics: Photonic Solutions for Better Health Care V

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Bone diseases and disorders are a growing challenge in aging populations; so effective diagnostic and therapeutic solutions are now essential to manage the demands of healthcare sectors effectively. Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) allows for chemically specific sub-surface probing and has a great potential to become an in vivo tool for early non-invasive detection of bone conditions. Bone is a complex hierarchical material and the volume probed by SORS is dependent on its optical properties. Understanding and taking into account the variations in diffuse scattering properties of light in various bone types is essential for the effective development and optimization of SORS as a diagnostic in vivo tool for characterizing bone disease. This study presents SORS investigations at 830 nm excitation on two specific types of bone with differing mineralization levels. Thin slices of bone from horse metacarpal cortex (0.6 mm thick) and whale bulla (1.0 mm thick) were cut and stacked on top of each other (4-7 layers with a total thickness of 4.1 mm). To investigate the depth origin of the detected Raman signal inside the bone a 0.38 mm thin Teflon slice was used as test sample and inserted in between the layers of stacked bone slices. For both types of bone it could be demonstrated that chemically specific Raman signatures different from those of normal bone can be retrieved through 3.8-4.0 mm of overlying bone material with a spatial offset of 7-8 mm. The determined penetration depths can be correlated with the mechanical and optical properties of the specimens. The findings of this study increase our understanding of SORS analysis of bone and thus have impact for medical diagnostic applications e.g. enabling the non-invasive detection of spectral changes caused by degeneration, infection or cancer deep inside the bone matrix.

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“…Application areas include the identification of breast calcifications 4 and the detection of tumors 5 . Intensive research has also been performed on transcutaneous bone characterization to assess material composition for potential bone disease diagnosis [6][7][8] . Despite these successes, a key issue remains largely unaddressed: from what depth Raman information is extracted for a given spatial offset and how does the light scattering properties of tissues influence the SORS process at the applied NIR wavelengths?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy for photon migration investigations in long bone

et al. 2015

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Raman Spectroscopy has become an important technique for assessing the composition of excised sections of bone, and is currently being developed as an in vivo tool for transcutaneous detection of bone disease using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS). The sampling volume of the Raman technique (and thus the amount of bone material interrogated by SORS) depends on the nature of the photon scattering in the probed tissue. Bone is a complex hierarchical material and to date little is known regarding its diffuse scattering properties which are important for the development and optimization of SORS as a diagnostic tool for characterizing bone disease in vivo. SORS measurements at 830 nm excitation wavelength are carried out on stratified samples to determine the depth from which the Raman signal originates within bone tissue. The measurements are made using a 0.38 mm thin Teflon slice, to give a pronounced and defined spectral signature, inserted in between layers of stacked 0.60 mm thin equine bone slices. Comparing the stack of bone slices with and without underlying bone section below the Teflon slice illustrated that thin sections of bone can lose appreciable number of photons through the unilluminated back surface. The results show that larger SORS offsets lead to progressively larger penetration depth into the sample; different Raman spectral signatures could be retrieved through up to 3.9 mm of overlying bone material with a 7 mm offset. These findings have direct impact on potential diagnostic medical applications; for instance on the detection of bone tumors or areas of infected bone.

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Measurement of abnormal bone composition in vivo using noninvasive Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 37 publications

References 10 publications

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Assessment of photon migration for subsurface probing in selected types of bone using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy for photon migration investigations in long bone

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