Measurement of abdominal and visceral fat with computed tomography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Jensen, Michael D.; Kanaley, Jill A.; Reed, Judd E.; Sheedy, Patrick F.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/61.2.274

Cited by 306 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As opposed to Jensen et al (1995), we found a difference in the attenuation value between the subcutaneous and intraabdominal fat. This might be explained by continual technical developments that have resulted not only in improved spatial resolution (2566256 pixel image matrix vs 5126512), but also in markedly improved grey-scale resolution.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…However, by assuming a constant mineral to lean tissue relation, fat estimates in patients with reduced bone mineral is overestimated (van der Kooy & Seidell, 1993). DEXA also does not permit calculations of compartmental fat distribution (Jensen et al, 1995) because it is a simple projection technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were used to determine the range of attenuation values that represent human fat tissue (Jensen et al, 1995). Due to the increased noise in low-dose CT, the s.d.-method, in comparison to the use of the lowest and highest values obtained in the nine ROIs, left some pixels excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-dose spiral computed tomography for measuring abdominal fat volume and distribution in a clinical setting

et al. 1998

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Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) has been used to measure body composition, however, a technique with reduced radiation exposure has not yet been introduced. This study tested a low-dose spiral CT technique on a phantom to determine its validity and reproducibility. The method was then applied for volume and distribution measurements in patients. Design: Construction and measurement of a phantom followed by measurement of patients referred to CT for clinical indications. Setting: Radiology Department, University Hospital. Subjects: Twenty-four post-gastrectomy patients. Intervention: A 22 cm phantom with a known amount of water and fat was scanned using high-and low-dose technique, standard and double table speed during a volumetric scan. The low-dose technique was implemented in the patient group. Total volume, total fat and four de®ned compartmental fat volumes in the truncal area were measured. Results: The mean fat volume measured using the low-dose CT technique in the phantom was 0.2% above the actual fat content. The coef®cient of variation for this method was 5%. By using low-dose, double speed instead of standard-dose technique, radiation exposure to the skin was decreased by more than 90% (equivalent to 4 mGy) of what is used in diagnostic imaging. The patient scans showed that no signi®cant differences in BMI and total measured volume existed between female and male patients, but percent fat and percent subcutaneous fat were signi®cantly larger in women (P 0.006 and 0.002, respectively), as were percent intraabdominal and mediastinal fat in men (P 0.002 and 0.003 respectively). Conclusions: Low-dose spiral CT accurately measures fat volume in vitro, and can be used in vivo for compartmental fat measurements.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-dose spiral computed tomography for measuring abdominal fat volume and distribution in a clinical setting

et al. 1998

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“…Each volunteer was positioned with his/her arms sufficiently separated from the trunk to allow the creation of a region of interest that included only truncal contents. Abdominal fat measured by this method has shown a strong correlation with computed tomography-measured abdominal adipose tissue (Jensen et al, 1995). Physical characteristics of the subjects are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Whole body and regional fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (model DPX-MD; Lunar, Madison, WI, USA) using software version 4.6 and the 15-min scan time. This computerised analysis was also employed to measure abdominal fat (Jensen et al, 1995). Specifically, abdominal fat was assessed by manually drawing a region of interest on the abdomen using the top of the diaphragm as the cephalad limit and the top of the femur (greater trochanter) as the caudal limit.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender influence on plasma triacylglycerol response to meals with different monounsaturated and saturated fatty acid content

et al. 2004

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Objective: Both gender and meal fatty acid composition modulate postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism, but little information exists on their interaction. We compared postprandial TAG concentrations in men and women after test meals differing in the proportion of monounsaturated (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). Subjects: Nine men (body mass index, BMI: 24.572.3 kg/m 2 ) (mean7s.d.) and 10 premenopausal women (BMI: 21.271.7 kg/m 2 ), young and healthy, habituated to a relatively high MUFA diet. Design: Plasma responses were studied after subjects consumed two meals, each providing 60 g of fat and 4.7 MJ, on different occasions: one meal was rich in MUFA (MUFA meal: 40 g MUFA; 12 g SFA) and the other meal was rich in SFA (SFA meal: 20 g MUFA; 32 g SFA). The total body and abdominal fat mass were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Fasting plasma TAG concentration did not differ between meals or genders. No gender differences were observed in either total body or abdominal fat mass. The area under the plasma concentration vs time curve was on average 60% higher (Po0.001) in men than women. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of meal Â time interaction in men (Po0.001) but not in women (P ¼ 0.84). In men, maximal plasma TAG occurred at 4 h and was significantly greater after the MUFA meal (2.1070.20 mmol/l) (mean7s.e.m.) than after the SFA meal (1.6670.19 mmol/l) (P ¼ 0.01). TAG concentration at 5 h was also significantly greater after the MUFA meal. In women, the patterns of TAG responses were identical after the MUFA and SFA meals. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that gender influences postprandial TAG concentrations when meal fatty acid composition is altered.

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Correlation of anthropometry with CT in Mexican-American women

1999

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Measurement of regional fat has commonly been accomplished by extrapolation from anthropometric measures. Recent studies of White and Black women have demonstrated differences in intra-abdominal fat, using computerized tomographic (CT) techniques. These same estimates were computed for 48 Mexican American women who were undergoing CT for diagnostic purposes. Waist-hip ratios, waist-thigh ratios, and sagittal diameter index were also calculated. Four (7mm) CT slices between L-4 and L - 5 were analyzed with imaging software. The volume of both subcutaneous and visceral fat was estimated. Like other minority women, Mexican American women had less intra-abdominal fat than subcutaneous fat, which is important because of the association of excess intra-abdominal fat with cardiovascular risk. Intra-abdominal fat volume was significantly predicted by only one variable, sagittal abdominal diameter, while subcutaneous fat volume was predicted by hip and thigh circumferences.

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Measurement of abdominal and visceral fat with computed tomography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Cited by 306 publications

References 14 publications

Low-dose spiral computed tomography for measuring abdominal fat volume and distribution in a clinical setting

Low-dose spiral computed tomography for measuring abdominal fat volume and distribution in a clinical setting

Gender influence on plasma triacylglycerol response to meals with different monounsaturated and saturated fatty acid content

Correlation of anthropometry with CT in Mexican-American women

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