Measurement Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Quantify Engineered Nanomaterials in Foods

Singh, Gurmit; Stephan, Chady; Westerhoff, Paul; Carlander, David; Duncan, Timothy V.

doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12078

Cited by 86 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, suitable analytical tools are required to characterize nanoparticle properties, which have been reviewed elsewhere. 7,[101][102][103] In this section, we focus on the ways that nanoparticles may vary.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Food Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is nano safe in foods? Establishing the factors impacting the gastrointestinal fate and toxicity of organic and inorganic food-grade nanoparticles

2017

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Nanotechnology offers the food industry a number of new approaches for improving the quality, shelf life, safety, and healthiness of foods. Nevertheless, there is concern from consumers, regulatory agencies, and the food industry about potential adverse effects (toxicity) associated with the application of nanotechnology in foods. In particular, there is concern about the direct incorporation of engineered nanoparticles into foods, such as those used as delivery systems for colors, flavors, preservatives, nutrients, and nutraceuticals, or those used to modify the optical, rheological, or flow properties of foods or food packaging. This review article summarizes the application of both inorganic (silver, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, and zinc oxide) and organic (lipid, protein, and carbohydrate) nanoparticles in foods, highlights the most important nanoparticle characteristics that influence their behavior, discusses the importance of food matrix and gastrointestinal tract effects on nanoparticle properties, emphasizes potential toxicity mechanisms of different food-grade nanoparticles, and stresses important areas where research is still needed. The authors note that nanoparticles are already present in many natural and processed foods, and that new kinds of nanoparticles may be utilized as functional ingredients by the food industry in the future. Many of these nanoparticles are unlikely to have adverse affects on human health, but there is evidence that some of them could have harmful effects and that future studies are required.

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Section: Characteristics Of Food Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is nano safe in foods? Establishing the factors impacting the gastrointestinal fate and toxicity of organic and inorganic food-grade nanoparticles

2017

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“…Recent studies have focused on the release of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), specifically silver nanoparticles and titanium, from consumer products such as textiles, food packaging, sunscreens, and washing machine effluents [92,115,123,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131]. The prevalent use of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in sunscreens ensures a high potential for release into the environment.…”

Section: Environmental Detection and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Particle ICP-MS: Advances toward routine analysis of nanomaterials

et al. 2016

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From its early beginnings in characterizing aerosol particles to its recent applications for investigating natural waters and waste streams, single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) has proven to be a powerful technique for the detection and characterization of aqueous dispersions of metal-containing nanomaterials. Combining the high-throughput of an ensemble technique with the specificity of a single particle counting technique and the elemental specificity of ICP-MS, spICP-MS is capable of rapidly providing researchers with information pertaining to size, size distribution, particle number concentration, and major elemental composition with minimal sample perturbation. Recently, advances in data acquisition, signal processing, and the implementation of alternative mass analyzers (e.g., time-of-flight) has resulted in a wider breadth of particle analyses and made significant progress toward overcoming many of the challenges in the quantitative analysis of nanoparticles. This review provides an overview of spICP-MS development from a niche technique to application for routine analysis, a discussion of the key issues for quantitative analysis, and examples of its further advancement for analysis of increasingly complex environmental and biological samples. Graphical Abstract Single particle ICP-MS workflow for the analysis of suspended nanoparticles.

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“…Therefore, imaging of ENMs can be performed in their natural state under humidity conditions up to 100% [78]. A limitation of ESEM is that only a thin superficial layer of the sample is subjected to analysis and it is not currently compatible with EDS [79]. On the other hand, the spatial resolution drops to several tens of nm.…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection, characterization and quantification of inorganic engineered nanomaterials: A review of techniques and methodological approaches for the analysis of complex samples

Laborda

Bolea

Cepriá

et al. 2016

Analytica Chimica Acta

325

170

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The increasing demand of analytical information related to inorganic engineered nanomaterials requires the adaptation of existing techniques and methods, or the development of new ones.The challenge for the analytical sciences has been to consider the nanoparticles as a new sort of analytes, involving both chemical (composition, mass and number concentration) and physical information (e.g. size, shape, aggregation). Moreover, information about the species derived from the nanoparticles themselves and their transformations must also be supplied. Whereas techniques commonly used for nanoparticle characterization, such as light scattering techniques, show serious limitations when applied to complex samples, other well-established techniques, like electron microscopy and atomic spectrometry, can provide useful information in most cases. Furthermore, separation techniques, including flow field flow fractionation, capillary electrophoresis and hydrodynamic chromatography, are moving to the nano domain, mostly hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as element specific detector.Emerging techniques based on the detection of single nanoparticles by using ICP-MS, but also coulometry, are in their way to gain a position. Chemical sensors selective to nanoparticles are in their early stages, but they are very promising considering their portability and simplicity.Although the field is in continuous evolution, at this moment it is moving from proofs-of-2 concept in simple matrices to methods dealing with matrices of higher complexity and relevant analyte concentrations. To achieve this goal, sample preparation methods are essential to manage such complex situations. Apart from size fractionation methods, matrix digestion, extraction and concentration methods capable of preserving the nature of the nanoparticles are being developed. This review presents and discusses the state-of-the-art analytical techniques and sample preparation methods suitable for dealing with complex samples. Single-and multimethod approaches applied to solve the nanometrological challenges posed by a variety of stakeholders are also presented.

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Measurement Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Quantify Engineered Nanomaterials in Foods

Cited by 86 publications

References 60 publications

Is nano safe in foods? Establishing the factors impacting the gastrointestinal fate and toxicity of organic and inorganic food-grade nanoparticles

Is nano safe in foods? Establishing the factors impacting the gastrointestinal fate and toxicity of organic and inorganic food-grade nanoparticles

Single Particle ICP-MS: Advances toward routine analysis of nanomaterials

Detection, characterization and quantification of inorganic engineered nanomaterials: A review of techniques and methodological approaches for the analysis of complex samples

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