Measurement Methodology and Results of Measurements of the Man-Made Noise Floor on HF in The Netherlands

Fockens, Koos T.W.H.; Zwamborn, A.P.M.; Leferink, Frank

doi:10.1109/temc.2018.2830512

Cited by 28 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Significant work has been done to measure and characterize VHF man-made noise levels in urban environments over the last 60 years (Skomal, 1965;Buehler, King, & Lunden, 1968;Middleton, 1973;Parsons & Sheikh, 1981;Fockens, Zwamborn, & Leferink, 2019;Herman, 1969;Lauber & Bertrand, 1977;Skomal, 1973). The large majority of these studies have focused on stationary, fixed location measurements taken over the course of hours and days at locations deemed representative of an area use class (Esposito & Buck, 1973;Achatz & Dalke, 2001;Wagstaff & Merricks, 2005;Wepman & Sanders, 2011;Achatz, Lo, Papazian, Dalke, & Hufford, 1998;Dalke, Achatz, Lo, Papazian, & Hufford, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isarithmic mapping of radio-frequency noise in the urban environment

Haedrich¹,

Breton²,

Wilson³

2020

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Radio-frequency (RF) background noise is a spatially-varying and critical parameter for predicting radio communication system and electromagnetic sensor performance in urban environments. Previous studies have measured urban RF noise at fixed, representative locations. The Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) has developed a tunable system for conducting mobile RF noise measurements in the VHF and UHF and shown that urban RF noise characteristics vary significantly and repeatably at a scale of tens of meters (Haedrich & Breton, 2019). CRREL also found high-powered regions in Boston, MA that are persistent over time. However, since previous studies conducted stationary measurements or measurements along linear transects, little is known about the 2-dimensional topography of urban noise and the spatial distribution and characteristics of these high-powered regions. In this paper, we present the results of a dense, block-grid survey of downtown Boston, MA at 142 and 246.5 MHz with measurements taken every meter along each street. We present isarithmic maps of median noise power and describe the spatial distribution, shape and other characteristics of the high-powered regions. We compare the rate of noise power decay around high-powered regions to losses predicted by a power law model of path loss. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Cities and towns, Radio frequency, Radio measurements, Noise 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isarithmic mapping of radio-frequency noise in the urban environment

Haedrich¹,

Breton²,

Wilson³

2020

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“…Published studies of urban‐related radio frequency (RF) noise date back to at least the 1940s (George, ), with significant efforts from 1960 to 1970 (Buehler & Lunden, ; Bruckert & Sangster, ; Skomal, ; ) and continuing to the present day (Fockens et al., ; Middleton, ; Palaios et al., ; Parsons & Sheikh, ; Skomal, ). Nearly all of these measurements were conducted from a small number of fixed locations (Achatz & Dalke, ; Dalke et al., ; Esposito & Buck, ; Wagstaff & Merricks, ; Wepman & Sanders, ) using large vehicles to house the necessary equipment, power supplies, and temperature control and provide suitable mounting structures for the measurement antenna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Street‐Scale Mapping of Urban Radio Frequency Noise at Very High Frequency and Ultra High Frequency

et al. 2019

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Modern measurement campaigns of man-made radio frequency (RF) noise have reported results from fixed locations that are assumed to be representative of the surroundings. Models derived from these measurements include parameters to express the variability in time and in space over very large distances (i.e., differences between cities). Despite the rapidly evolving mixture of noise sources, especially in modern urban environments, spatial variation of RF noise power at the scale of streets and blocks is essentially unknown in the very high frequency and ultra high frequency bands. Using a portable calibrated noise measurement system of our design, RF noise was recorded over a 1-MHz bandwidth for frequencies of 142.0, 246.5, and 972 MHz. Noise surveys were conducted during daytime working hours in two different neighborhoods within Boston, Massachusetts, USA, with each survey transiting a fixed, several kilometer long route, repeated twice to enable separation of temporal from spatial variability. Significant and spatially repeatable variations in median power, peak power, and voltage deviation were observed over distances of tens to hundreds of meters, dependent upon the measurement frequency. The observed spatial patterns of median and peak power appear to be repeatable on timescales of hours to weeks, and likely beyond, suggesting that these noise patterns are persistent features of the urban environment.

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“…Communications in the High Frequency range (3- HF electromagnetic waves propagate through the ionospheric channel, which has some characteristics that determine a particular structure of the channel noise [2]. Several noise sources overlap to form a complicated noise structure consisting of background natural atmospheric and cosmic noise, man-made noise from industrial and civil activities, radio and lightning signals travelling from very distant sources through the ionospheric channel etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interference assessment results have been reported for the northern part of Europe in the past [8]. Noise measurement results in the HF range depend on the receiver bandwidth and on the chosen noise threshold [2,5]. Common values for the measured noise bandwidth are between 2.7-3 kHz due to current applications of HF communications, but broadband (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HF Noise Measurement in the Western Part of Romania

Balint

Sabata

2019

International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION

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Despite the extraordinary development of mobile communications, HF radio links have several advantages that make them unique in some application areas. Knowledge of HF noise is critical for the setup of a point to point HF communication. The paper presents HF noise measurements performed using a broadband antenna and Software Defined Radio equipment for signal acquisition, followed by offline signal processing. The recording has been split into several sub-bands of small bandwidth and for each sub-band the mean power has been computed, to find the sub-band with the lowest power. It might be assumed that the frequency band having the lowest power contains only noise. An analysis of the influence of sub-band size on the noise level hasalso been made. Measurements cover a large part of HF band and a large time interval to observe the noise behaviour.The paper analyses the noise level over short and long time periods, and over a large frequency band, and reports also simultaneous noise measurements in two locations in the western part of Romania, a dense urban one and a small town one, to highlight the differences caused by man-made noise of industrial type.

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Measurement Methodology and Results of Measurements of the Man-Made Noise Floor on HF in The Netherlands

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Isarithmic mapping of radio-frequency noise in the urban environment

Isarithmic mapping of radio-frequency noise in the urban environment

Street‐Scale Mapping of Urban Radio Frequency Noise at Very High Frequency and Ultra High Frequency

HF Noise Measurement in the Western Part of Romania

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