Measurement invariance and other psychometric properties of the Short Inventory of Problems (SIP-2R) across racial groups in adults experiencing homelessness and alcohol use disorder.
Abstract:Objective: People experiencing homelessness are disproportionately impacted by alcohol-related harm. Racially minoritized groups are disproportionately represented in the homeless population and are likewise disproportionately impacted by alcohol-related harm. Most alcohol outcome measures have not been adequately psychometrically studied in this marginalized population and across racial groups. This study documents psychometric properties, including measurement invariance, reliability, and convergent validity… Show more
“…However, objective measures of sleep (eg, polysomnography, actigraphy) would have provided insight on other aspects of sleep that may or may not change with CBT-I. Similarly, although inclusion of alcohol-related problems as an outcome is novel, the Short Inventory of Problems has not demonstrated measurement invariance in all studies . Research is also needed to understand how CBT-I may have an effect on alcohol problems in the absence of an effect on drinking.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alcohol-related problems (eg, taking foolish risks, damaging relationships) in the past 6 weeks were assessed using the 15-item Short Inventory of Problems, which has demonstrated reliability and validity among individuals with AUD and in substance use treatment . Reliability in this sample was good (α = .95).…”
ImportanceThree of 4 adults in treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) report symptoms of insomnia. Yet the first-line treatment for insomnia (cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, CBT-I) is often delayed until abstinence is established.ObjectiveTo test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of CBT-I among veterans early in their AUD treatment and to examine improvement in insomnia as a mechanism for improvement in alcohol use outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFor this randomized clinical trial, participants were recruited through the Addictions Treatment Program at a Veterans Health Administration hospital between 2019 and 2022. Patients in treatment for AUD were eligible if they met criteria for insomnia disorder and reported alcohol use in the past 2 months at baseline. Follow-up visits occurred posttreatment and at 6 weeks.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to receive 5 weekly sessions of CBT-I or a single session about sleep hygiene (control). Participants were asked to complete sleep diaries for 7 days at each assessment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes included posttreatment insomnia severity (assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index) and follow-up frequency of any drinking and heavy drinking (4 drinks for women, ≥5 drinks for men; number of days via Timeline Followback) and alcohol-related problems (Short Inventory of Problems). Posttreatment insomnia severity was tested as a mediator of CBT-I effects on alcohol use outcomes at the 6-week follow-up.ResultsThe study cohort included 67 veterans with a mean (SD) age of 46.3 years (11.8); 61 (91%) were male and 6 (9%) female. The CBT-I group included 32 participants, and the sleep hygiene control group 35 participants. Of those randomized, 59 (88%) provided posttreatment or follow-up data (31 CBT-I, 28 sleep hygiene). Relative to sleep hygiene, CBT-I participants reported greater decreases in insomnia severity at posttreatment (group × time interaction: −3.70; 95% CI, −6.79 to −0.61) and follow-up (−3.34; 95% CI, −6.46 to −0.23) and greater improvements in sleep efficiency (posttreatment, 8.31; 95% CI, 1.35 to 15.26; follow-up, 18.03; 95% CI, 10.46 to 25.60). They also reported greater decreases in alcohol problems at follow-up (group × time interaction: −0.84; 95% CI, −1.66 to −0.02), and this effect was mediated by posttreatment change in insomnia severity. No group differences emerged for abstinence or heavy-drinking frequency.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, CBT-I outperformed sleep hygiene in reducing insomnia symptoms and alcohol-related problems over time but had no effect on frequency of heavy drinking. CBT-I should be considered a first-line treatment for insomnia, regardless of abstinence.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03806491
“…However, objective measures of sleep (eg, polysomnography, actigraphy) would have provided insight on other aspects of sleep that may or may not change with CBT-I. Similarly, although inclusion of alcohol-related problems as an outcome is novel, the Short Inventory of Problems has not demonstrated measurement invariance in all studies . Research is also needed to understand how CBT-I may have an effect on alcohol problems in the absence of an effect on drinking.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alcohol-related problems (eg, taking foolish risks, damaging relationships) in the past 6 weeks were assessed using the 15-item Short Inventory of Problems, which has demonstrated reliability and validity among individuals with AUD and in substance use treatment . Reliability in this sample was good (α = .95).…”
ImportanceThree of 4 adults in treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) report symptoms of insomnia. Yet the first-line treatment for insomnia (cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, CBT-I) is often delayed until abstinence is established.ObjectiveTo test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of CBT-I among veterans early in their AUD treatment and to examine improvement in insomnia as a mechanism for improvement in alcohol use outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFor this randomized clinical trial, participants were recruited through the Addictions Treatment Program at a Veterans Health Administration hospital between 2019 and 2022. Patients in treatment for AUD were eligible if they met criteria for insomnia disorder and reported alcohol use in the past 2 months at baseline. Follow-up visits occurred posttreatment and at 6 weeks.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to receive 5 weekly sessions of CBT-I or a single session about sleep hygiene (control). Participants were asked to complete sleep diaries for 7 days at each assessment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes included posttreatment insomnia severity (assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index) and follow-up frequency of any drinking and heavy drinking (4 drinks for women, ≥5 drinks for men; number of days via Timeline Followback) and alcohol-related problems (Short Inventory of Problems). Posttreatment insomnia severity was tested as a mediator of CBT-I effects on alcohol use outcomes at the 6-week follow-up.ResultsThe study cohort included 67 veterans with a mean (SD) age of 46.3 years (11.8); 61 (91%) were male and 6 (9%) female. The CBT-I group included 32 participants, and the sleep hygiene control group 35 participants. Of those randomized, 59 (88%) provided posttreatment or follow-up data (31 CBT-I, 28 sleep hygiene). Relative to sleep hygiene, CBT-I participants reported greater decreases in insomnia severity at posttreatment (group × time interaction: −3.70; 95% CI, −6.79 to −0.61) and follow-up (−3.34; 95% CI, −6.46 to −0.23) and greater improvements in sleep efficiency (posttreatment, 8.31; 95% CI, 1.35 to 15.26; follow-up, 18.03; 95% CI, 10.46 to 25.60). They also reported greater decreases in alcohol problems at follow-up (group × time interaction: −0.84; 95% CI, −1.66 to −0.02), and this effect was mediated by posttreatment change in insomnia severity. No group differences emerged for abstinence or heavy-drinking frequency.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, CBT-I outperformed sleep hygiene in reducing insomnia symptoms and alcohol-related problems over time but had no effect on frequency of heavy drinking. CBT-I should be considered a first-line treatment for insomnia, regardless of abstinence.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03806491
This study explored the roles of coping motives and frequency of heavy drinking episodes on the association between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) dimensions (i.e., prospective IU and inhibitory IU) and alcohol problems in a crowdsourced sample of adults (N = 375) of current drinkers. Serial mediation results indicated that there was a significant positive indirect effect of inhibitory IU on alcohol problems via coping motives and heavy drinking episodes. Unexpectedly, prospective IU had significant negative effects on frequency of heavy drinking episodes and alcohol problems. Implications of the study findings are discussed.
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