Measurement-device-independent quantum secret sharing with hyper-encoding

Abstract

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a typical multi-party quantum communication mode, in which the key sender splits a key into several parts and the participants can obtain the key by cooperation. Measurement-device-independent quantum secret sharing (MDI-QSS) is immune to all possible attacks from measurement devices and can greatly enhance QSS’s security in practical application. However, previous MDI-QSS’s key generation rate is relatively low. In our paper, we adopt the spatial-mode-polarization hyper-encoding technology in the MDI-QSS, which can increase single photon’s channel capacity. Meanwhile, we use the cross-Kerr nonlinearity to realize the complete hyperentangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state analysis. Both above factors can increase MDI-QSS’s key generation rate by about 103. The proposed hyper-encoded MDI-QSS protocol may be useful for future multiparity quantum communication application.

One-step quantum dialogue

“…Quantum secure communication has unconditional security, which is its most attractive advantage comparing with classical communication. There are some important branches in the quantum secure communication field, such as quantum key distribution (QKD), [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] quantum secret sharing (QSS), [10][11][12][13][14] quantum secure direct communication (QSDC), [15][16][17][18] and quantum dialogue (QD). [19,20] QKD and QSS can generate secret keys between two distant parties and among multiple parties, respectively.…”

Multiple-participant measurement-device-independent quantum secret sharing protocol based on entanglement swapping

“…In 2015, Fu et al proposed the first three-party measurementdevice-independent (MDI) QSS protocol, which can resist all possible attacks from imperfect measurement devices and largely enhance QSS's security in practical experimental condition [52]. Subsequently, some interesting MDI-QSS and detector-device-independent (DDI) QSS protocols have been proposed [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. In 2016, the MDI-QSS protocol using the continuous-variable (CV) GHZ state was proposed [53].…”

“…In 2021, Yang et al proposed a deterministic threeparty DDI-QSS protocol based on the hyper-encoding and single-photon Bell-state measurement, which is proved secure against general entanglement-measure attacks launched by a dishonest participant [57]. In 2022, an MDI-QSS protocol based on hyperentanglement is proposed, which can improve the secret key generation rate by using complete hyperentanglement GHZ state analysis [60].…”

Measurement-device-independent quantum secure multiparty summation based on entanglement swapping

“…The advantage is that the channel capacity of photons can be doubled and communication efficiency is effectively increased by hyper-encoding in two DOFs. In 2022, Ju et al [44] adopt the spatial-modepolarization hyper-encoding technology in the MDI-QSS, which not only can increase single photon's channel capacity but also use the cross-Kerr nonlinearity to realize the complete hyperentangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state analysis. In 2023, Hong et al [45] proposed a MDI 3P-QSDC protocol based on the polarization-spatial-mode hyperentanglement.…”