Measurement comparability of insulin assays using conventional immunoassay kits

Rosli, Nordiana; Kwon, Ha-Jeong; Lim, Jinsook; Yoon, Young Ahn; Jeong, Ji‐Seon

doi:10.1002/jcla.24521

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Notably, the ability to measure glucose in the interstitial space using an enzymatic method, which does not require multiple washes, allows for the continuous measurement of glucose in these devices. Unfortunately, measuring insulin requires using either ELISA or radioimmune assays 64 , thereby currently making immediate readings impossible. Nevertheless, even in the absence of continuous insulin monitors, it may be possible to monitor postprandial glucose levels within the frameworks of Kraft patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From hyperinsulinemia to cancer progression: how diminishing glucose storage capacity fuels insulin resistance

Kareva

2024

Preprint

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, with a quarter to half of people with T2D unaware of their diagnosis until the disease has reached advanced stages. T2D is associated with increased risk and worse prognosis of cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and cancer. Here we propose an updated framework for describing emergence of insulin resistance that precedes development of T2D. We show that diminishing capacity to store excess glucose can qualitatively capture the transition from normal to diabetic phenotype as captured by responses to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). We then show that an emerging tumor can either progress or regress depending on the metabolic environment of the host, consistent with experimental results of Hopkins et al. (2018), who showed that drug-induced transient diabetic phenotype, and specifically hyperinsulinemia, resulted in loss of therapeutic efficacy, and its reversal restored drug sensitivity and response to therapy. Given the prevalence of hyperinsulinemia in individuals with normoglycemia, addressing this condition emerges as a promising avenue to augment cancer therapy outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From hyperinsulinemia to cancer progression: how diminishing glucose storage capacity fuels insulin resistance

Kareva

2024

Preprint

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“…The isolated β-cells of the pancreas were incubated in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer supplemented with different concentrations of glucose solution (3.3 mM, 8.3 mM, 11.1 mM, and 16.7 mM) for approximately 30 min [ 44 ]. After incubation for 30 min, the supernatant was collected for insulin secretion assay (Invitrogen; Massachusetts, USA; Cat #BMS2003) as per the method of [ 45 ]. To quantify the ATP levels within the pancreas, pancreatic β cells underwent lysis, and the ATP content was assessed using an ATP assay kit (Thermofisher; Massachusetts, USA; Cat #A22066) as per method of [ 46 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aged garlic extract preserves beta-cell functioning via modulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and sarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)/Ca2+ in diabetes mellitus

Ali,

Elkhalifa,

Nabi

et al. 2024

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Background Peripheral insulin resistance and compromised insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are significant factors and pathogenic hallmarks of diabetes mellitus (DM). NF-κβ/TLR-4 and SERCA/Ca2+ pathways have been identified as potential pathways regulating insulin synthesis by preserving pancreatic β-cell functioning. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) against DM in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model with particular emphasis on pancreatic β-cell functioning. Methods AGE was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate its physio-chemical characteristics followed by in-vitro anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential. This was followed by the induction of DM in laboratory animals for investigating the therapeutic action of AGE by evaluating the role of NF-κβ/TLR-4 and the SERCA/Ca2+ pathway. The parameters assessed in the present experimental setup encompassed antioxidant parameters, metabolic indicators, insulin concentration, intracellular calcium levels, apoptotic markers (CCK-8 and Caspase Glo-8), and protein expression (P-62 and APACHE-II). Results AGE characterization by SEM, GC-MS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the presence of phenylalanine, alliin, S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), tryptophan, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid as major bioactive constituents of AGE. Metabolic studies, including intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), revealed significantly lower blood glucose levels in the AGE group compared to the disease control group. In contrast, the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ITT) exhibited no significant difference in insulin sensitivity between the AGE supplementation group and the DM control group. Interestingly, AGE was found to have no significant effect on fasting glucose and serum insulin levels. In contrast, AGE supplementation was found to cause significant hypoglycaemia in postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels. Importantly, AGE causes restoration of intracellular Ca2+ levels by modulation of SERCA/Ca2 functioning and inhibition NF-κB/TLR-4 pathway. AGE was found to interact with and inhibit the DR-5/ caspase-8/3 apoptotic complex. Furthermore, microscopic studies revealed degeneration and apoptotic changes in pancreatic β-cells of the DM control group, while supplementation of AGE resulted in inhibition of apoptotic pathway and regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. Conclusion The current study suggests that AGE enhance glucose homeostasis by exerting their effects on pancreatic β-cells, without ameliorating peripheral sensitivity. Moreover, AGEs promote an increase in β-cell mass by mitigating the apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells. These findings suggest that AGE could aid in developing a viable alternative therapy for diabetes mellitus (DM).

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“…For insulin, it was beneficial that the samples had been examined by a clinically approved ELISA kit prior to being analyzed by the LC-MS method [30], as a suitable calibration concentration range could easily be selected. For the other hormones, somatostatin-14 and glucagon, a gold standard for the determination of the concentrations has yet not been established [31][32][33].…”

Section: Stem Cell-derived Islet Organoids Show Glucose Concentration...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous LC–MS determination of glucose regulatory peptides secreted by stem cell–derived islet organoids

et al. 2023

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For studying stem cell–derived islet organoids (SC‐islets) in an organ‐on‐chip (OoC) platform, we have developed a reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC–MS/MS) method allowing for simultaneous determination of insulin, somatostatin‐14, and glucagon, with improved matrix robustness compared to earlier methodology. Combining phenyl/hexyl‐C18 separations using 2.1 mm inner diameter LC columns and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, identification and quantification were secured with negligible variance in retention time and quantifier/qualifier ratios, negligible levels of carryover (<2%), and sufficient precision (±10% RSD) and accuracy (±15% relative error) with and without use of an internal standard. The obtained lower limits of quantification were 0.2 µg/L for human insulin, 0.1 µg/L for somatostatin‐14, and 0.05 µg/L for glucagon. The here‐developed RPLC–MS/MS method showed that the SC‐islets have an insulin response dependent on glucose concentration, and the SC‐islets produce and release somatostatin‐14 and glucagon. The RPLC–MS/MS method for these peptide hormones was compatible with an unfiltered offline sample collection from SC‐islets cultivated on a pumpless, recirculating OoC (rOoC) platform. The SC‐islets background secretion of insulin was not significantly different on the rOoC device compared to a standard cell culture well‐plate. Taken together, RPLC–MS/MS method is well suited for multi‐hormone measurements of SC‐islets on an OoC platform.

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Measurement comparability of insulin assays using conventional immunoassay kits

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

From hyperinsulinemia to cancer progression: how diminishing glucose storage capacity fuels insulin resistance

From hyperinsulinemia to cancer progression: how diminishing glucose storage capacity fuels insulin resistance

Aged garlic extract preserves beta-cell functioning via modulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and sarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)/Ca2+ in diabetes mellitus

Simultaneous LC–MS determination of glucose regulatory peptides secreted by stem cell–derived islet organoids

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