Measurement Characterization of Band‐Pass NGD Time Domain of a 101O‐Topology Passive Circuit

Abstract

To characterize the radio frequency (RF) and microwave communication functions, challenging time-domain (TD) tests (Couraux et al., 2018) need to be developed. Several TD characterization techniques were deployed for familiar devices constituting the communication systems (Couraux et al., 2018;Valenta et al., 2011). Nonetheless, further research effort is necessary for the TD test case of less familiar functions for the electronic design and test engineers.Nowadays, suitable TD measurements in function of the application environments become a breakthrough for RF and microwave test research engineers. Some examples of familiar electronic devices can be cited. To characterize a high-voltage channel at 5.8 GHz, an innovative measurement technique was proposed (Couraux et al., 2018). A real-time impedance characterization was introduced for radio frequency identification communication devices (Couraux et al., 2018). For the assessment of RF exposure at a 5G radio station and thermal analysis, innovative averaging time measurement techniques were developed (Foster et al., 2018;Thors et al., 2017). With various cases of the pulse signal event, transient RF measurements were used for agile supply modulator (Prakash et al., 2020), over-head transmission line (TL) with integrated field sensors (Hai et al., 2019) and power detector RF circuits (Ildefonso et al., 2018;Lee et al., 2010). Behind the innovation in terms of measurement, the deployment of instrumentation enabling to generate appropriated RF and microwave pulse signals is an important task. Some innovative investigations were performed in (Bourdel et al., 2010;Vauche et al., 2017) to generate short-pulse duration signals.The pulse signal generation is also a key point for the TD measurement to analyze unfamiliar functions such as the negative group delay (NGD) RF and microwave circuits. The concept of low-pass (LP) and band-pass (BP) NGD functions was initiated in (Ravelo, 2014) for the basic understanding by means of analogy with the classical filter function. The various NGD types (Ravelo, 2014) can be distinguished with the frequency band position where the group delay (GD) is negative. The NGD function meaning can be understood through its natural application to equalize the positive GD (Ravelo et al., 2016). In other words, the NGD function can be expected to solve the electronic communication system imperfections due to the global delay (Kang & Chen., 2007) and GD undesirable effects (Groenewold, 2007;Myoung et al., 2007).

High Sensitivity Envelope Detector Assisted by Microwave Photonics

“…Modulated signals with BP-NGD center frequency as carrier is necessary to perform such experimentations. The final results should be the comparison of signal envelopes [67][68][69][70]. The main limit of current research results on the BP-NGD time-domain experimentation is on the consideration of high-speed signals used in 5G-and 6G-technologies.…”

New Analytical Approach to Estimate the Electromagnetic Spectrum From Devices Submitted to High Voltages

“…Therefore, time-domain investigation seems needed to answer to some curious questions. One of the most challenging tasks about the BP-NGD investigation are the time-domain measurements [67][68][69][70]. Modulated signals with BP-NGD center frequency as carrier is necessary to perform such experimentations.…”