“…Beyond academic research, these data are used for risk assessment (e.g., at wind turbines; e.g., Newson et al, 2017), to infer population density, diversity, and vulnerability of bats (Clement, Rodhouse, Ormsbee, Szewczak, & Nichols, 2014;Meyer et al, 2011), and to inform risk mitigation and conservation strategies (Meyer, 2015), often based on automatic call analysis software (Russo & Voigt, 2016;Rydell, Nyman, Eklöf, Jones, & Russo, 2017). While these acoustic methods became increasingly easier, faster and more powerful, many biological, environmental, and technical factors lead to variation, if not errors, in the results (Adams, Jantzen, Hamilton, & Fenton, 2012;Brumm, Zollinger, Niemela, & Sprau, 2017;Rydell et al, 2017;Zollinger, Podos, Nemeth, Goller, & Brumm, 2012). Understanding these factors is therefore paramount for correct bioacoustic measurements.…”