Measurement and validation of hole-to-hole fuel injection rate from a diesel injector

Luo, Tao; Su, Jiang; Moro, Adams; Wang, Chuqiao; Zhou, Lian

doi:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2018.03.014

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Below It has started from different approaches to model the injection process in diesel engines, with different objectives, there are some studies that opt for the spray moment flow analysis method, others opt for the analysis of equations already established as eulerian-lagrangian or Navier-stokes, some are more pragmatic and opt for optical analysis such as x-rays, on the other hand there are those who choose an approach from chemical kinetics, a few propose novel approaches such as the large swirl simulation volume method multiphase, but the vast majority is opting for computational flow analysis (CFD) with programs such as ANSYS and AVL BOOST. An example of the first-mentioned approach is the work of Luo [21], in which they make a modeling of each 1 of the orifices of a multi-orifice injector or Long Liu's work [22], which develops a model for the simple and analytical diesel pulverization, which includes the evolution of the spray after the end of the injection. On the other hand there are works that follow the second approach as the work of Amin Yousefi [23] that models different types of injection for heavy services at low loads or that of Madjid Birouk [24] that analyzes the effect of the injection delay on the Emissions, both choose to follow the system of Navier-stokes equations, others like Pang Kar [25] choose to follow a Eurelian stochastic method to know how the ignition flame develops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection systems in diesel engines and their theoretical-experimental study: a review

Duarte¹,

Orozco²,

Caicedo³

2018

ces

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The injection systems have had a strong evolution in recent years, going from lowpressure system of a mechanical drive to complex high-pressure electronic systems. The electronics applied to this type of systems has allowed handling sequential injections and increasing the injection pressure. In the present work a review of the evolution of the injection systems in the last 20 years is made and how techniques have been developed to model the hydrodynamic behavior of the injectors in Diesel internal combustion engines. With this review, the trends for the modeling of the injection process are visualized, which has an important impact on the thermodynamic modeling and the prediction of the indicator parameters in Diesel internal combustion engines. This review allows to visualize the future development of this type of systems and the implications they have on the performance of internal combustion engines and the thermodynamic modeling of them. The optimization in the operation of diesel engines is possible by improving the operation of injection systems, which has led to more powerful engines but smaller.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection systems in diesel engines and their theoretical-experimental study: a review

Duarte¹,

Orozco²,

Caicedo³

2018

ces

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“…The measurement of injection rates among each nozzle holes were conducted on a customized test rig based on the spray momentum flux. Detailed information about the test method and the test bench are presented in the [54][55][56] . The experiment was conducted with the injection pressure of 140MPa and back pressure of 2MPa.…”

Section: Internal Flow Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed information about the test method and the test bench are presented in the. 54–56 The experiment was conducted with the injection pressure of 140 MPa and back pressure of 2 MPa. Validation was carried out by comparing experimental and simulation injection rates at the exit of each orifice; the comparisons are presented in Figure 7.…”

Section: Experiments Establishment and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hole-to-hole variations in coupled flow and spray simulation of a double-layer multi-holes diesel nozzle

Wang

Moro

Luo

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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In diesel engines, double-layer multi-holes nozzles contribute significantly in making spray injection uniform in both the circumferential and axial directions; they further ensure that minimal or no interactions are encountered among the spray jets emerging from the nozzle holes and positively affect fuel atomisation and enhance mixing during engine operation. In this study, the variation in internal flow characteristics and spray patterns from the upper and the lower layer nozzle holes were investigated experimentally and computationally. A double-layer 8-hole heavy-duty diesel engine injector nozzle was utilised for the characterisation of hole-to-hole variation on spray formation. The actual nozzle geometry was derived from X-ray scans obtained at the third generation X-ray imaging and biomedical beamline station in SSRF, revealing all geometrical differences between the individual injection holes. The momentum fluxes from each holes were obtained together with spray tip penetration under non-evaporating conditions. These data were used to validate the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model suitable to describe the relevant flow processes. Initially, an Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase flow model was utilised to predict the internal nozzle flow under cavitating conditions. This model was weakly coupled with a Lagrangian spray model predicted the subsequent atomisation and penetration of all individual spray plumes. The results show that cavitation development within the upper layer holes is more intense than those formed within the lower layer nozzle holes; this is leading to higher injection rates from the lower layer nozzle holes that they also exhibit less cycle-to-cycle variations in the observed spray patterns.

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“…Therefore, CCVs in dual fuel engines are more prone than in SI and CI engines. The root cause of the CCVs in DF engines has usually been related to non-optimal performance of the diesel injection system (variability in diesel injection pressure, mass flow rate, opening delay, nozzle hole-to-hole variability in diesel injected) [18,19,32], to the amount of trapped NG, stratification of NG in cylinder, mixture movement and to the operating and boundary conditions (charge air pressure and temperature). All these potentially affect the igntion, flame propagation, heat release and emission of the combustion processes and thus lead to higher CCVs than in conventional (SI and CI) engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycle-to-cycle variations of dual-fuel combustion in an optically accessible engine

et al. 2019

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Cyclic variations constitute an inherent consequence of the flow, thermal and concentration field variations between cycles. They are understood to lead to lower efficiency and higher emissions. The current investigation aims to evaluate the cycle-to-cycle variations (CCVs) based on 2D visualization and cylinder pressure in an optically accessible heavy-duty engine fueled with methane (main fuel) and diesel (pilot fuel). A high-speed color camera is employed to measure the combustion behavior based on natural luminosity (NL). Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is applied to reconstruct and analyze the images. The POD-based coefficient of variation (COV) is implemented to evaluate the cyclic variability, along with the pressure-based and global intensity-based COV. This coefficient is then adopted to discriminate the coherent and incoherent parts from the fluctuations in the luminosity field. The POD-based and global intensity-based COV presents the variations in the luminosity field, which can provide information on chemical kinetics, while pressure-based COV provides a general description of the cyclic fluctuation of thermodynamics. To extract more information from the NL images, the color-intensity COV analysis based on the intensity separated from RGB channels is adopted to estimate the CCVs from the aspect of spectral emissions (excited and ionized radicals in the flame). Finally, the effects of methane lambda, pilot fuel rate and charge air temperature on the CCVs were analyzed systematically. The results revealed that richer methane conditions has an inhibitive effect on the CCVs. The appearance of the CCVs were determined by the ignition characteristics of the pilot fuel. A critical point was found in charge air temperature, when the charge air temperature lower than the critical point, the increase of the charge air temperature has a promotive effect on the CCVs; after that, it has an inhibitive effect on the CCVs.

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Measurement and validation of hole-to-hole fuel injection rate from a diesel injector

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Injection systems in diesel engines and their theoretical-experimental study: a review

Injection systems in diesel engines and their theoretical-experimental study: a review

Hole-to-hole variations in coupled flow and spray simulation of a double-layer multi-holes diesel nozzle

Cycle-to-cycle variations of dual-fuel combustion in an optically accessible engine

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