Measurement and statistics of single pellet mechanical strength of differently shaped catalysts

Li, Yongdan; Wu, Dongfang; Zhang, Jianpo; Liu, Chang; Wu, Dihua; Fang, Zhiping; Shi, Yahua

doi:10.1016/s0032-5910(00)00231-x

Cited by 201 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…15 describes a porosity independent strength value for LWA. According to [23,28,38,39] solid spheres basically fail due to tensile stresses within the bulk-phase of the specimen when compressed between parallel platens. Since the LWA pellets also behave similar to solid, brittle spheres with respect to fracture (Fig.…”

Section: Fracture Origin and Calculated Strength For Lwa Pellets Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of lightweight aggregates

Bernhardt

Tellesbø²,

Justnes

et al. 2013

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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Lightweight aggregates (LWA) were successfully produced both in a pilot-scale rotary kiln and in a laboratory chamber furnace. The mechanical properties of LWA were investigated in detail applying the European standard crushing resistance test (CR-test) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 stresses in the centre of the pellet and the strength was observed to increase exponentially with decreasing sample size. The relationship between the CR-and spc-test has been established facilitating "translation" of strength data between the two different test methods.

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Section: Fracture Origin and Calculated Strength For Lwa Pellets Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of lightweight aggregates

Bernhardt

Tellesbø²,

Justnes

et al. 2013

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…Pd and WA 24h were determined using the procedure described by Norm UNE-EN 1097-6 [17]. Compressive strength is given as [18] : 5 = (2.8Pc)f( n) (2), where Pc is the fracture load occurring rupture and X is the distance between loading points. Tests of BJ, Pd, WA 24h and 5 were carried out on samples of 25 granules.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mineralogy of lightweight aggregates manufactured from mining and industrial wastes

González-Corrochano

Alonso-Azcárate

Rodas

et al. 2011

Construction and Building Materials

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Keywords:Lightweight aggregate Microstructure MineralogyThe microstructure and mineralogy of lightweight aggregates manufactured with washing aggregate sludge, sewage sludge and a clay-rich sediment have been studied. The mineralogical analysis revealed the neo-formation of plagioclase and pyroxene group minerals and a minor presence of gehlenite. Some relationships may be established: (i) heating temperature and dwell time affect the formation of new porosity; (ii) the disappearance of pyroxenes could produce changes in the density of the solid material in the lightweight aggregates; (Hi) when an external glassy film is not present, water absorption values depend on the size and number of each type of pore.Washing aggregate sludge Sewage sludge Clay-rich sediment

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“…However, during crushing of cylindrical pellets, Li et al (2000) observed that several fracture modes may happen due to their complex shape. To prevent multiple fracture modes, the samples are chosen the closest to a cylindrical form, and with a length varying from 3 to 4 mm.…”

Section: Crushing Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weibull statistics is widely used to characterize the statistical variation in the fracture strength of brittle materials (ASTM C1239-00, 2005Trustrum and Jayatilaka, 1983;, and it has been shown to be applicable to the characterization of solid catalysts strength (Li et al, 2000;Subero-Couroyer et al, 2003;Wu et al, 2006). Weibull statistics is based on the weakest link theory, which states that the most critical flaw in the material determines its strength.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These irregularities induce a non-repeatability of the stress distribution during the test and a very large scatter of strength values, leading to a much complex interpretation of the crushing data. Instead of the crushing test, Li et al (2000) studied the three-point bending test, which has been widely used to measure the strength of brittle materials. They showed it was more adapted for the mechanical characterization of extruded supports because their fracture is always favored under the upper load point and the specimen distortion has a limited influence on the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the Side Crushing Test Using the Three-Point Bending Test for the Strength Measurement of Catalyst Supports

Staub

Meille

Corre

et al. 2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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-The side crushing test is commonly used to characterize the mechanical strength of catalyst supports. However its interpretation is complex for cylindrical supports due to their irregular geometry and the various fracture modes induced. A better analysis of the crushing test, altogether with a comparison of the results obtained with the three-Point Bending test (3PB) and an analysis of the defects present within the supports, provide a better interpretation of their crushing strength data. Experimental results show that two different fracture modes appear during the crushing test -one under bending configuration and one under crushing configuration -inducing a large scatter of the data. Moreover, a comparison with the 3PB test shows that the strength measured in crushing is lower and the scatter of the data is larger than the ones obtained in bending. This is a consequence of a Weibull size effect and of the presence of macro-defects within one type of the tested supports. It is concluded that an analysis of the fracture modes activated during crushing has to be carried out to obtain a correct distribution of the strength data. The presence of macro-defects within the microstructure of the supports decreases drastically the crushing strength, while their influence on the bending strength is more limited.Re´sume´-Test d'e´crasement grain a`grain revisite´a`l'aide du test de flexion trois points pour la mesure de la re´sistance des supports de catalyseurs -Le test d'e´crasement grain a`grain est couramment utilise´pour caracte´riser la re´sistance me´canique des supports de catalyseurs. Cependant, son interpre´tation est complexe pour les supports cylindriques du fait de leur ge´ome´trie irre´gulie`re et des diffe´rents modes de rupture qu'elle induit. Une analyse de´taille´e du test d'e´crasement, ainsi qu'une comparaison avec les re´sultats obtenus par le test de flexion trois points et une analyse des de´fauts pre´sents au sein des supports, permettent d'interpre´ter plus pre´cise´ment les donne´es de re´sistance a`l'e´crasement obtenues. Les re´sultats expe´rimentaux montrent la coexistence de deux diffe´rents modes de rupture lors du test d'e´crasement -un premier apparaissant sous configuration de flexion et un second apparaissant sous configuration de compression diame´trale -menant a`une large dispersion des valeurs. De plus, la comparaison avec le test de flexion trois points montre, d'une part, que la re´sistance mesure´e en e´crasement est plus faible et, d'autre part, que la dispersion des donne´es est plus grande que celles obtenues en flexion. Ces caracte´ristiques re´sultent d'un effet de taille ainsi que de la pre´sence de macro-de´fauts au sein d'un des types de supports teste´s. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.En conclusion, il apparaıˆt qu'une analyse des modes de rupture active´s lors de l'essai d'e´crasement doit eˆtre mene´e afin d'obtenir une distribution correcte des valeurs de re´sistance. ...

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Measurement and statistics of single pellet mechanical strength of differently shaped catalysts

Cited by 201 publications

References 23 publications

Mechanical properties of lightweight aggregates

Mechanical properties of lightweight aggregates

Microstructure and mineralogy of lightweight aggregates manufactured from mining and industrial wastes

Revisiting the Side Crushing Test Using the Three-Point Bending Test for the Strength Measurement of Catalyst Supports

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