Measurement and Prediction of the Oxygen Diffusion Coefficient in Unsaturated Media, with Applications to Soil Covers

Aachib, Mostafa; Mbonimpa, Mamert; Aubertin, Michel

doi:10.1023/b:wate.0000036803.84061.e5

Cited by 166 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…And it may alter the exchange of respiratory gases. Compared with dry soils, water-logged soils provide less oxygen (Baumgärtl et al, 1994;Hoback and Stanley, 2001), both because water holds much less oxygen per unit volume than does air and because the oxygen it contains moves more slowly by diffusion (Aachib et al, 2004;Denny, 1993;Verberk et al, 2011;Woods, 1999). In addition, soils can support large populations of microbes, whose respiration may depress oxygen locally (Singh and Gupta, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic recovery from drowning by insect pupae

Woods

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Many terrestrial insects live in environments that flood intermittently, and some life stages may spend days underwater without access to oxygen. We tested the hypothesis that terrestrial insects with underground pupae show respiratory adaptations for surviving anoxia and subsequently reestablishing normal patterns of respiration. Pupae of Manduca sexta were experimentally immersed in water for between 0 and 13 days. All pupae survived up to 5 days of immersion regardless of whether the water was aerated or anoxic. By contrast, fifth-instar larvae survived a maximum of 4 h of immersion. There were no effects of immersion during the pupal period on adult size and morphology. After immersion, pupae initially emitted large pulses of CO 2 . After a subsequent trough in CO 2 emission, spiracular activity resumed and average levels of CO 2 emission were then elevated for approximately 1 day in the group immersed for 1 day and for at least 2 days in the 3-and 5-day immersion treatments. Although patterns of CO 2 emission were diverse, most pupae went through a period during which they emitted CO 2 in a cyclic pattern with periods of 0.78-2.2 min. These highfrequency cycles are not predicted by the recent models of Förster and Hetz (2010) and Grieshaber and Terblanche (2015), and we suggest several potential ways to reconcile the models with our observations. During immersion, pupae accumulated lactate, which then declined to low levels over 12-48 h. Pupae in the 3-and 5-day immersion groups still had elevated rates of CO 2 emission after 48 h, suggesting that they continued to spend energy on reestablishing homeostasis even after lactate had returned to low levels. Despite their status as terrestrial insects, pupae of M. sexta can withstand long periods of immersion and anoxia and can reestablish homeostasis subsequently.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic recovery from drowning by insect pupae

Woods

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…It has been noted, however, that soil temperature is less influential to CH 4 oxidation rates than soil moisture content (King and Adamsen 1992;Adamsen and King 1993; Bulk density is related to total soil porosity, which is related to air-filled porosity by soil moisture (Ball et al 1997;Hilel 2003). As previously stated, CH 4 oxidation rates are influenced by soil moisture and temperature due to restrictions in O 2 and CH 4 diffusivity Moldrup 1996;Borjesson and Svensson 1997;De Visscher and Van Cleemput 2003;Aachib et al 2004;Molins et al 2008;Gebert et al 2011a). Increasing bulk density, which may result from compaction during placement of a soil cover, can therefore lead to reductions in air-filled porosity and connectivity of the pores depending on the soil texture (Ball et al 1997;Gebert et al 2011a;Rachor et al 2011).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Ch 4 Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The relationship between soil moisture and CH 4 oxidation has been researched extensively for landfill cover soils and has been found to strongly correlate to CH 4 oxidation Reeburgh 1996, Bogner 1997 CH 4 diffusivity at high moisture contents Moldrup 1996;Borjesson and Svensson 1997;De Visscher and Van Cleemput 2003;Aachib et al 2004;Molins et al 2008;Gebert et al 2011) and physiological stresses to microbial populations at low moisture contents (Whalen et al 1990;King 1997;Borjesson 2004).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Ch 4 Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using vertical VWC profiles measured at the ASCS, the model calculates the corresponding position-dependent CO 2 diffusion coefficient using the dual-phase Aachib et al (2004) formulation presented in A constant CO 2 concentration boundary condition (BC) is applied at the depth corresponding to the material interface between the LOS and soil covers. This constant CO 2 concentration BC thus enables CO 2 fluxes to be simulated from the LOS into the soil covers.…”

Section: Development Of the Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pore-gas dynamics in overburden and reclamation soil covers

ScaleKyle

FlemingIan

2019

Environmental Geotechnics

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Large above-grade overburden landforms comprised of low-grade lean oil sands (LOS) are amassed during the surface mining of oil sands in northern Alberta, Canada. Reclamation soil covers consisting of locally-salvaged soils are subsequently placed above the LOS landforms in single and multi-layered configurations. The soil covers are intended to 1) provide sufficient pore-gas O2 to facilitate the growth of native boreal forest vegetation and to 2) oxidize methane (CH4) produced in the anaerobic zones of the LOS before being exhausted to the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas.Prior to covering the LOS with soil covers, rates of CO2 efflux from the surface of the LOS to the atmosphere ranged from 0.1-7.1 kg/m2/a. Pore-gas concentrations within the uncovered LOS ranged from 0-18% for oxygen (O2), 3-21% for carbon dioxide (CO2), and 0-12% for CH4. Following placement of soil covers, peak rates of CO2 efflux were 2.3 kg/m2/a from the surface of the soil covers to the atmosphere and 1.8 kg/m2/a from the LOS into the soil covers.Peak rates of O2 influx from the atmosphere through the soil covers was 18 kg/m2/a. Poregasses within the overlying soil covers and uppermost LOS were typically below the threshold that poses a risk to the survivability of reclamation vegetation, >10% O2 and <15% CO2. Poregasses deeper than 2 m within the LOS surpassed this threshold with O2 falling to 0% and CO2 rising to >16%.Rates of CH4 oxidation were quantified in batch soil column experiments for the soil cover materials and LOS in single and multi-layered configurations. Oxidation rates were sensitive to variations in temperature, moisture content, and bulk density. The results of the column experiments indicate that CH4 generated deeper than 2 m within the LOS landform will be partially oxidized in both the soil covers and uppermost LOS horizon.Statistical analyses and finite difference numerical modelling were conducted to guide mine operators regarding practical issues involving the construction of LOS landforms, design of soil cover systems, and management of reclamation sites. Based on these exercises, it appears that the characteristics of the LOS landform are more important to pore-gas dynamics than the design of the soil cover systems.iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…4. The value of D e is reduced by orders of magnitude when the material goes from a low to a high degree of saturation (Aubertin et al 1995Aachib et al 2004). An oxygen barrier is effective when the moisture retaining layer is highly saturated.…”

Section: Fig 3 Schematic Hydraulic Functions For a Fine Grained Soimentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Reclamation Techniques for Acid-Generating Mine Wastes upon Closure of Disposal Sites

et al. 2016

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Acid mine drainage (AMD) remains a major environmental challenge for the mining industry. The preferred options for effectively limiting the environmental impact of AMD consist in controlling the reactions through the use of preventative techniques. Their principal objective is to exclude at least one of the constitutive elements of the chemical reactions, i.e. water, oxygen, or sulfidic minerals. The article recalls the basic principles and reviews different approaches for the prevention and control of AMD upon mine closure. The main methods include multi-layer covers, water covers, and an elevated water table (with a mono-layer cover). Their main advantages, limitations and uncertainties are addressed. Alternative approaches, such as environmental desulphurization and co-disposal of waste rock and tailings, are also discussed.

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Measurement and Prediction of the Oxygen Diffusion Coefficient in Unsaturated Media, with Applications to Soil Covers

Cited by 166 publications

References 59 publications

Metabolic recovery from drowning by insect pupae

Metabolic recovery from drowning by insect pupae

Pore-gas dynamics in overburden and reclamation soil covers

Review of the Reclamation Techniques for Acid-Generating Mine Wastes upon Closure of Disposal Sites

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