Measurement and parameterization of rainfall microstructure

Uijlenhoet, R.; Sempere‐Torres, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.038

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Therefore velocity spectrum is in a great deal redundant with size spectrum. Both describes discrete nature of precipitation which is often neglected in research connected with rainfall [6]. Also the process of rainfall interception depends on rain drops with different properties [7,8].…”

Section: Figure 1 Hydrological Cycle Of Rainfall Interceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Drop Size Distribution Impact on Rainfall Interception by Trees

Zabret

Rakovec

Šraj

2017

Proceedings of the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences

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Not all precipitation, falling above the trees, reach the ground. Part of it is retained in the canopy and eventually evaporates back into the atmosphere. This is known as intercepted rainfall. The process is influenced by various meteorological parameters of which we have mainly focused on drop diameter and velocity. Rainfall in the open and throughfall under birch and pine trees have been measured since 2014 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The results demonstrate that birch has intercepted 41% (± 32%) and pine 70% (± 24%) of rainfall on average per event. During the 146 individual events between 297 and 724,905 rain drops were recorded with the average drop diameter 0.73 mm (± 0.23 mm) and average drop velocity 3.71 m/s (± 0.49 m/s). We have closely analyzed the effect of drop size and velocity on interception by pine during two rainfall events in June and July 2014. In June event drops with larger drop diameter (6.5 -8.5 mm) were observed in the open causing an instant reduction of rainfall interception by pine for 30%. Furthermore, twice during the both events the groups of drops with higher velocity (7.6 -10.4 m/s) were observed, causing the reduction in rainfall interception.

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Section: Figure 1 Hydrological Cycle Of Rainfall Interceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Drop Size Distribution Impact on Rainfall Interception by Trees

Zabret

Rakovec

Šraj

2017

Proceedings of the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences

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“…No other studies using simulated rain appear to have reported data on the drop impact frequencies that were involved. Nevertheless, this is an important aspect of rain viewed as a point-process at small spatial scales (Uijlenhoet and Sempere Torres, 2006) that deserves wider attention, especially when simulated rain is used in erosion experiments. Blackburn et al (1974) used a drip-formers density of about 1494 m 2 in their mobile infiltrometer, but the rate at which each dripformer released a water drop was not reported, so that the drop impact frequency cannot be estimated.…”

Section: The Water Dropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐storm evaporation as a component of canopy interception loss in dryland shrubs: observations from Fowlers Gap, Australia

Dunkerley

2007

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Interception losses from the canopies of dryland plant taxa remain poorly understood, especially the relative contributions of intra-storm and post-storm evaporative losses. Employing a new measuring apparatus, this study uses low-intensity simulated rain, matched to the properties of local rain, to explore interception processes in bluebush shrubs at an Australian dryland site. Five shrub specimens were exposed to simulated rain for 60-90 min. Experiments were repeated at three rainfall intensities (10, 15, and 20 mm h 1 ). Canopy evaporation was found from the difference between the flux of water delivered to the shrub and the flux of throughfall, once equilibrium had been established. The results show that evaporation from the wet foliage during rain proceeds at an average rate of 3Ð6 mm h 1 . This figure is for relatively cool spring-season conditions; evaporation rates in hot summer conditions would be larger. Intra-storm evaporation is shown to exceed post-rain evaporation from interception storage on the shrubs, and this differentiates dryland shrub interception processes from those of the betterstudied wet forest environment. Implications of the high dryland shrub canopy evaporation rates for aspects of dryland ecology are highlighted.

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“…Interception of precipitation by vegetation canopies or city environments, erosion of soil through raindrop impact, and pollutant dispersal both on the ground and in the atmosphere are all fields in which the DSD is important (e.g. Uijlenhoet and Sempere Torres, 2006). Knowledge of the DSD is required in order to study the behaviour of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, so it is highly relevant to rainfall remote sensing and telecommunication links (Olsen et al, 1978;Jameson and Kostinski, 2001;Uijlenhoet and Sempere Torres, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uijlenhoet and Sempere Torres, 2006). Knowledge of the DSD is required in order to study the behaviour of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, so it is highly relevant to rainfall remote sensing and telecommunication links (Olsen et al, 1978;Jameson and Kostinski, 2001;Uijlenhoet and Sempere Torres, 2006). Moreover, all bulk rainfall variables of interest can be derived as weighted moments of the DSD (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction of raindrop size distributions measured by Parsivel disdrometers, using a two-dimensional video disdrometer as a reference

2015

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Abstract. The raindrop size distribution (DSD) quantifies the microstructure of rainfall and is critical to studying precipitation processes. We present a method to improve the accuracy of DSD measurements from Parsivel (particle size and velocity) disdrometers, using a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) as a reference instrument. Parsivel disdrometers bin raindrops into velocity and equivolume diameter classes, but may misestimate the number of drops per class. In our correction method, drop velocities are corrected with reference to theoretical models of terminal drop velocity. We define a filter for raw disdrometer measurements to remove particles that are unlikely to be plausible raindrops. Drop concentrations are corrected such that on average the Parsivel concentrations match those recorded by a 2DVD. The correction can be trained on and applied to data from both generations of OTT Parsivel disdrometers, and indeed any disdrometer in general. The method was applied to data collected during field campaigns in Mediterranean France for a network of first-and second-generation Parsivel disdrometers, and on a first-generation Parsivel in Payerne, Switzerland. We compared the moments of the resulting DSDs to those of a collocated 2DVD, and the resulting DSD-derived rain rates to collocated rain gauges. The correction improved the accuracy of the moments of the Parsivel DSDs, and in the majority of cases the rain rate match with collocated rain gauges was improved. In addition, the correction was shown to be similar for two different climatologies, suggesting its general applicability.

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Measurement and parameterization of rainfall microstructure

Cited by 44 publications

References 68 publications

Evaluation of Drop Size Distribution Impact on Rainfall Interception by Trees

Evaluation of Drop Size Distribution Impact on Rainfall Interception by Trees

Intra‐storm evaporation as a component of canopy interception loss in dryland shrubs: observations from Fowlers Gap, Australia

Correction of raindrop size distributions measured by Parsivel disdrometers, using a two-dimensional video disdrometer as a reference

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