Measurement and numerical modeling of radio sounding reflection from a lightning channel

Dubovoy, E. I.; Михайлов, М. С.; Ogonkov, A. L.; Pryazhinsky, V. I.

doi:10.1029/94jd00965

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Assuming a 1 km long lightning, it corresponds to a 4 × 10 9 À10 10 W range which fits well in the middle of the 10 8 À10 12 W range measured in the visible from the satellite FORTE [Kirkland et al, 2001;Suszcynsky et al, 2000], knowing that 98% of events radiate less than 10 10 W according to Turman [1978]. Radiated energies in the three cases represent 20 to 25% of the total energy, in agreement with the computations of lightning discharges of Dubovoy et al [1995] and with the results of the first part of this article .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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On the dynamics of hot air plasmas related to lightning discharges: 2. Electrodynamics

et al. 2014

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In this paper, we develop a model of electrical discharge in air for the simulation of some of the electrical processes involved in lightning discharges, as in lightning return strokes and dart leaders. The discharge is initiated by a vertical electrical field and modeled using a nonlinear R-L-C circuit model, with which we attempt to simulate initiation, growth, radial expansion, and decay of electrical discharges related to lightning. This gas dynamic type model includes also both detailed air chemistry and accurate air radiation transport, as described in the first part of this article. For certain parameter configurations, our first lightning-related discharge simulations compare well with lightning observations and actual knowledge in terms of chronology, charge and energy depleted, current created, electron concentration, temperature, pressure, and optical signature. We also discuss the difficulties to obtain fully consistent results due to the wide parameter variability, their uncertainty, and the complexity of the physics involved.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Radiated energies in the three cases represent 20 to 25% of the total energy, in agreement with the computations of lightning discharges of Dubovoy et al . [] and with the results of the first part of this article [ Ripoll et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the dynamics of hot air plasmas related to lightning discharges: 2. Electrodynamics

et al. 2014

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“…Moreover, in all cases treated between 15 and 40% of energy is radiated away, with a percentage between 20 and 25% for typical lightning energies. This is in agreement with Dubovoy et al [] but in disagreement with Paxton et al [], who reported as much as 69% of energy radiated [ Paxton et al , ]. We therefore confirm the criticisms of Hill [], who was the first to critique Paxton's apparent overestimation of the radiative losses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the dynamics of hot air plasmas related to lightning discharges: 1. Gas dynamics

et al. 2014

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In this paper, we first study the dynamics of hot shocks in air in cylindrical geometry coupled to multiband radiation transport and detailed air chemistry. The wide energy and length scale ranges which are covered herein includes and exceeds the ones of first and subsequent return strokes happening during lightning discharges. An emphasis is put on the NO x production and the optical power emitted by strong shocks as the ones generated by Joule heating of the air from intense current flows. The production rate of NO x , which is useful for atmospheric global modeling, is found to be between 4.5 × 10 16 and 8.6 × 10 16 molecules/J for all computed cases, which is in agreement with the literature. Two different radiation transport methods are used to characterize the variability of the results according to the radiation transport method. With the exact radiation solver, we show that between 15 and 40% of the energy is lost by radiation, with a percentage between 20 and 25% for averaged lightning energies. The maximal visible peak is between 7 × 10 8 W/m and 3 × 10 7 W/m obtained for, respectively, a 19 kJ/cm and a 28 J/cm energy input. The mean radiated powers in the visible range are found between 9 × 10 6 W/m and 2 × 10 5 W/m for the energies just mentioned. We discuss the agreement of these values with previous studies.

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“…In electrical engineering, there are three popular models of electric discharge: gas dynamics [8], electromagnetics [9], and distributed circuits [10]. However, none of these are directly applicable to visual simulation, as they respectively approximate the electricity as a cylinder of plasma, a thin antenna, and two plates in a circuit.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Animation of Lightning Using an Adaptive Mesh

Kim

2007

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Abstract-We present a fast method for simulating, animating, and rendering lightning using adaptive grids. The "dielectric breakdown model" is an elegant algorithm for electrical pattern formation that we extend to enable animation of lightning. The simulation can be slow, particularly in 3D, because it involves solving a large Poisson problem. Losasso, et al recently proposed an octree data structure for simulating water and smoke, and we show that this discretization can be applied to the problem of lightning simulation as well. However, implementing the incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient (ICCG) solver for this problem can be daunting, so we provide an extensive discussion of implementation issues. ICCG solvers can usually be accelerated using "Eisenstat's trick", but the trick cannot be directly applied to the adaptive case. Fortunately, we show that an 'almost incomplete Cholesky' factorization can be computed so that Eisenstat's trick can still be used. We then present a fast rendering method based on convolution that is competitive with Monte Carlo ray tracing, but orders of magnitude faster, and also show how to further improve the visual results using jittering.

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Measurement and numerical modeling of radio sounding reflection from a lightning channel

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

On the dynamics of hot air plasmas related to lightning discharges: 2. Electrodynamics

On the dynamics of hot air plasmas related to lightning discharges: 2. Electrodynamics

On the dynamics of hot air plasmas related to lightning discharges: 1. Gas dynamics

Fast Animation of Lightning Using an Adaptive Mesh

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