Measurement and modeling of Western Washington precipitation chemistry

Vong, Richard J.; Larson, Timothy V.; Covert, David S.

doi:10.1007/bf00299490

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The VWM pH, calculated from the H + concentration, was 5.1 in site 1 and 5.3 in site 2. As the pH of the unpolluted natural water is between 5 and 5.6 (Vong et al 1985;Rao et al 1995), these pH values indicated in both locations as nonacid bulk depositions. As shown in Table 3, the pH values of both sites were higher than those recorded in typical acid precipitation regions, such as Northern America (4.2; Khawaja and Husain 1990), Singapore (4.5; Balasubramanian et al 2001), Southern Korea (4.7; Lee et al 2000), and China (4.4; Tanner 1999).…”

Section: Phmentioning

confidence: 92%

Bulk Atmospheric Deposition in the Southern Po Valley (Northern Italy)

Pieri

Matzneller

Gaspari

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A study on pH and chemical composition of precipitation was carried out in two Italian sites, one urban (site 1) and one rural (site 2), located approximately 30 km far from Bologna, during a 3-year period. No significative site variation was found. In both locations, bulk deposition pH ranged from slightly acid to slightly alkaline, despite the volume weighted mean concentration of acidic species, NO 3 − and SO 4 2− (67.4 and 118.4 μeq l −1 in site 1 and 88.7 and 103.8 μeq l −1 in site 2), that were similar to those of typical acidic rainfall region. This might be ascribed to the neutralization reaction of the Ca 2+ , attributed to the calcareous soil and the frequent dusty air mass intrusion from the Sahara. The pair correlation matrix and the analysis of the main components suggested also ammonium and other crustal elements as neutralization agents. The depositional rate of SO 4 2− and NO 3 − , chemical elements of agricultural interest, amounted to 38 and 28 and 32 and 35 kg ha −1 for site 1 and site 2, respectively. These supplies of nutrient were not negligible and had to be considered on cultivated lands. NH 4 + deposition rate on site 2 was 7 kg ha −1 , 23% over site 1, probably due to nitrogen fertilization in the fields around the monitoring station. In site 1, SO 4 2− presented a seasonal trend, indicating that its principal source was the residential heating. Results emphasized that the entity of the bulk deposition acidification is linked not only to the ions local emission sources (fossil fuel combustions, heating, and fertilizers) but also to the surrounding territory and the prevalent wind that transports through kilometers air masses which may contain acidic and alkaline species.

show abstract

Section: Phmentioning

confidence: 92%

Bulk Atmospheric Deposition in the Southern Po Valley (Northern Italy)

Pieri

Matzneller

Gaspari

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Site Description and Sampling. The Ruston smelter released over 20 000 tons of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) into the atmosphere between 1890 and 1985 (4), generating an atmospheric plume that elevated As concentrations in rainwater as far as 130 km northeast of the smelter (23) and impacted area soils with As concentrations up to 460 ppm on southern Vashon-Maury Island (24)(25)(26)(27). Higher concentrations of As reported at depths of 5-15 cm than at 0-5 cm are attributed to downward migration (24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenate Adsorption Structures on Aluminum Oxide and Phyllosilicate Mineral Surfaces in Smelter-Impacted Soils

Beaulieu

Savage

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A clearer understanding of arsenic (As) retention and transport in forest soils impacted by copper smelter emissions may reduce risks to human health and provide insight into As behavior in the vadose zone. On Vashon-Maury Island in Puget Sound, As is predominantly associated with the fine (< 63 microm) fraction of surficial soils. X-ray diffraction of oriented samples from the < 2 microm size fraction indicate that clinochlore isthe dominant phyllosilicate. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was employed to examine As oxidation state and local coordination environment in impacted soil samples. Arsenic is present as As(V) in tetrahedral coordination with oxygen, associated with aluminum (Al) octahedra in bidentate binuclear (bridging) structures with As-Al distances of 3.15 - 3.16 angstroms. Including multiple scattering (MS) paths derived from the arsenate tetrahedron in esperanzaite significantly improved the match between XAS fine structure (EXAFS) data and models generated from theoretical phase and amplitude functions. The data are interpreted to indicate arsenate adsorption onto poorly crystalline aluminum oxyhydroxides and/or the edges of clinochlore interlayer hydroxyl sheets with constrained geometries causing MS to be important This implies that As initially released from the smelter as particulate As(III) and As(V) oxides was oxidized, dissolved, and adsorbed onto soil minerals and colloids; no evidence for relic arsenic oxide was observed. Physical transport of arsenic oxide particles and As adsorbed on soil colloids may account for limited downward migration of As within the soil column. The oxidizing and mildly acidic pH conditions in the upper vadose zone promote stable sorption complexes; barring substantial changes in soil chemistry, As is not expected to experience significant mobilization.

show abstract

“…Martin and Harr (1988) reported HCO3 as the dominant anion in precipitation in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, 160 km from the Pacific Ocean. At sites in the northwest that have urban influences on precipitation chemistry, SO4 is the dominant anion (Vong et al, 1985;Binkley et al, 1982;Feller, 1987). Increases in SO4 and NO3 were observed from 1971 to 1986 near Vancouver, BC, reflecting the urban influence (Feller 1987).…”

Section: Precipitation Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 98%

TRENDS IN PRECIPITATION AND STREAM CHEMISTRY IN A PRISTINE OLD‐GROWTH FOREST WATERSHED, OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK, WASHINGTON¹

Edmonds¹,

Blew²

1997

J American Water Resour Assoc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human induced long‐term changes in precipitation and stream chemistry have been observed in eastern North America and Europe, but few long‐term studies have been conducted in coastal western North America. The objectives of this research were to determine: (1) time trends in precipitation and stream chemistry in a pristine old‐growth forest watershed, and (2) seasonal patterns in precipitation and stream chemistry. It was conducted in 58 ha West Twin Creek Watershed, Hoh River Valley, Olympic National Park, Washington from 1984 to 1993. Vegetation consists of old‐growth forest, with western hemlock, Douglas‐fir, western redcedar, Pacific silver fir, and Sitka spruce being the dominant tree species. Annual precipitation varied from 2336 to 4518 mm during the study period with the majority of the rain falling between October and May. Chemistry of precipitation was strongly dominated by oceanic influences with Na and Cl being the dominant ions. The chemistry of the stream was influenced by bedrock weathering and was dominated by Ca, HCO3, and SO4 and was not strongly related to precipitation chemistry. The pH of precipitation averaged 5.3 over time and ranged from 4.3 to 7.1, while the stream pH averaged 7.5 and ranged from 5.5 to 9.0. There were few long‐term trends in the chemical constituents of bulk precipitation or stream water with the exception of a slight decrease in NO3 in precipitation and an increase of SO4 in stream water. A trend of decreasing concentrations of Ca, Mg and Na in precipitation also occurred. There were no significant seasonal patterns in precipitation although the highest SO4 concentrations usually occurred in late spring and summer perhaps due marine algal activity. Strong seasonal trends occurred in concentrations of HCO3, SO4, Ca, Mg, and Na in stream water resulting from weathering and stream flow patterns, with highest ion concentrations occurring just before the onset of the rainy season. Pulses of NO3 in the stream were observed during fall and early winter resulting from the release of NO3 which had accumulated in soils or sediments.

show abstract

Measurement and modeling of Western Washington precipitation chemistry

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Bulk Atmospheric Deposition in the Southern Po Valley (Northern Italy)

Bulk Atmospheric Deposition in the Southern Po Valley (Northern Italy)

Arsenate Adsorption Structures on Aluminum Oxide and Phyllosilicate Mineral Surfaces in Smelter-Impacted Soils

TRENDS IN PRECIPITATION AND STREAM CHEMISTRY IN A PRISTINE OLD‐GROWTH FOREST WATERSHED, OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK, WASHINGTON¹

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Measurement and modeling of Western Washington precipitation chemistry

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Bulk Atmospheric Deposition in the Southern Po Valley (Northern Italy)

Bulk Atmospheric Deposition in the Southern Po Valley (Northern Italy)

Arsenate Adsorption Structures on Aluminum Oxide and Phyllosilicate Mineral Surfaces in Smelter-Impacted Soils

TRENDS IN PRECIPITATION AND STREAM CHEMISTRY IN A PRISTINE OLD‐GROWTH FOREST WATERSHED, OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK, WASHINGTON1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

TRENDS IN PRECIPITATION AND STREAM CHEMISTRY IN A PRISTINE OLD‐GROWTH FOREST WATERSHED, OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK, WASHINGTON¹