Measurement and modeling of the viscosity of (nitrogen + carbon dioxide) mixtures at temperatures from (253.15 to 473.15) K with pressures up to 2 MPa

Abstract

The viscosity of pure nitrogen and of three (nitrogen + carbon dioxide) mixtures was measured over the temperature range from (253.15 to 473.15) K with pressures up to 2 MPa utilizing a rotating-body viscometer. The relative combined expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of viscosity was estimated to be between (0.14 and 0.19) % for nitrogen. For the binary mixtures, the uncertainty ranged between (0.19 and 0.39) %. The new data for nitrogen show very good agreement with experimental data from the literature and with recent ab initio calculations. The experimental data for the binary mixtures were compared with an Extended Corresponding States (ECS) model as implemented in the NIST REFPROP 9.1 database. The relative deviations of the data from the model were generally found to increase in magnitude with increasing density and ranged between (−2.1 and 0.4) % near the greatest density studied. The experimental data were correlated using

Ab initio intermolecular potential energy surface for the CO2—N2 system and related thermophysical properties

“…5 against the available experimental data. [64][65][66][67][68][69][70] The best experimental data are those of Kestin and coworkers 66,67,69 close to room temperature and the recently reported data of Humberg et al, 70 which lie mostly within ±0.25% of our proposed scaled viscosity values. The high-temperature data (T > 298 K) of Kestin and Ro are known to suffer from a design flaw 71 in their viscometer that resulted in viscosity values that are always systematically too high above room temperature by up to about 1%.…”

Wide-Ranging Reference Correlations for Dilute Gas Transport Properties Based onAb InitioCalculations and Viscosity Ratio Measurements

“…13 This improves the agreement with the experimental measurements, although at some conditions these revised results still fall outside the uncertainty range of the high-quality data by Humberg et al 10 and May et al 4 The unpublished model from REFPROP 10 covers the temperature range of (100 to 910) K and is within 0.2% of the reference correlation between (200 to 400) K. For hydrogen, the reference correlation is in excellent agreement with the data of May et al 4 The data of Barua et al 84 and Gracki 85 are mostly within 0.6%, which is larger than their claimed uncertainty. The model from Muzny et al 120 For nitrogen, about 80% of data are within 1% of the reference correlation, with excellent agreement exhibited by the high-quality data of Humberg et al 8 and Vogel. 14 The model from Lemmon and Jacobsen 119 implemented in REFPROP 10 has a relative uncertainty of 0.5% for the dilute gas and generally agrees with the reference correlation within this bound.…”

“…1, 2 For example, accurate viscosities are crucial for the calibration of certain low-flow meters for mass spectrometers, 3,4 and precise thermal conductivities at low densities are required for acoustic thermometry, determination of the universal gas constant, 5,6 and were important to recent (and final) measurements of the Boltzmann constant prior to its redefinition. 7 Several experimental methods are available for measuring viscosities accurately under low density conditions, including rotating-body viscometers, [8][9][10] oscillating-disk viscometers [11][12][13][14] and capillary viscometers. 3,4,15 With these apparatus, relative uncertainties in the order of 0.1% of the fluid viscosity are possible for temperatures from (200 to 700) K (all the uncertainties mentioned in this work are standard uncertainties corresponding to a coverage factor of k=1).…”

Low -parametric equation for calculating the viscosity coefficient of nitrogen in liquid, gas and fluid states

“…Figure 2 shows the calculated values of viscosity coefficient by the formula (1) as a function of the temperature and pressure on the isobars in comparison with the tabular data from [2]. Figures 3-4 shows deviations of the values of nitrogen viscosity calculated by (1) from the tabular [2] and experimental data [3][4][5], [10][11][12][13][14][15]. When comparing the calculated results according to the equation ( 1) and tabular data from [2], the largest deviations are 3 -4.…”

“…The comparison of experimental and tabulated data on nitrogen viscosity revealed that the largest uncertainties are in the region of high pressures and low temperatures, and the difference between these data at temperatures of about 100 K and below and pressures of up to 50 MPa can be as high as 7%. Therefore, to develop equation ( 1), we used the most verified experimental [3][4][5], [10][11][12][13][14][15] and tabular data [2] in the considered range of temperatures and pressures.…”